ORIGINAL PROF-3213 ABSTRACT…Introduction: e-Health is a combination of medical informatics, public health, business and information technology. Health information technology has increased the productivity by reengineering of health care but it requires new measurement tools to monitor the impact of it .e-health is not only for the development of technologies but also it includes proper planning, thinking, broad thinking to improve healthcare services with the help of information and communication technology. Objectives: 1) To assess the perceptions of physicians towards the use, effectiveness and efficiency of EHR 2) To identify the differences between electronic and paper based records 3) To evaluate the usage of Electronic Health Records.4) To analyze satisfaction and challenges face by the physicians using EHR. Research Design: This is an Exploratory and Descriptive Research. In this study hybrid research method is used which includes qualitative and quantitative research methods. Sampling technique: For this study, a purposive sample of 43 physicians was selected. The sample size was 60 but 17 responses were incomplete so they were excluded and the final sample size was 43. Data was collected from two different hospitals of Pakistan which include the physicians from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, and Indus Hospital. Of the 43 participants, 51% were from Indus Hospital and 49% were from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre. Instrument: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and it was collected by email responses and direct interview. EHR Questionnaire: A questionnaire was used in the study. The EHR Questionnaire has comprised of 24 items. This questionnaire was developed by Msukwa. B.K.Martin. 1 Data Analysis: Data analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Procedure: The sample consisted of physicians from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, and Indus Hospital from Karachi. EHR is a new technology and hospitals are moving towards it, some are under process and very few like the above mentioned hospitals are using it. The questionnaire was not complicated. It was a structured questionnaire with easy questions with multiple options to fill in. Respondents were also acknowledged for their cooperation and participation in the study. Conclusion: EHR should be used effectively, proper training is needed to ensure that physicians are able to operate the system and can have maximum benefits from the technology by utilizing all its applications. The government should encourage adoption of Electronic Health l Records in Pakistan by developing a public-private partnership. The study focused also on EHR effectiveness by checking the working of EHR its quick and satisfactory results its accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, user-friendliness, availability and reliability.
Sex discrimination in a newborn child is still present in Pakistan. It is despite relative wealth, rapid globalization, female education and socioeconomic development. Although mother's education improves quality of childcare, but still it does not reduce discrimination against her children. The mental torture a female goes through in a life time for being female starts at the time of her birth and ends only with her life. These cultural bounded thinking has overshadowed a woman's own perception about a daughter. But some times to a family it does not make any difference that the child is a son or a daughter. Aims: The aim of the Research is to discuss how mothers of a female child feel about having a daughter if they wanted to have a son. Objectives: To explore what are the feelings of a mother upon having a daughter. To identify why they feel what they feel. To identify what are some of the reasons behind their thinking. To discuss how their experiences can be used in planning for interventions of future this can help in a better understanding of our mothers and daughters requirements. Methodology: The methodology of current research is based on qualitative anthropological research method. Period: Dec 2014 to Oct 2015. Settings: The sampling is taken from different socioeconomic strata. It is divided into low, middle and upper socioeconomic groups. Every stratum is with a different point of view regarding the same question. Results: "In Pakistan 42 percent of women accept violence as part of their fate; 33 percent feel too helpless to stand up to it; 19 percent protested and 4 percent took action against it. Discussion: It is also found that the middle socioeconomic group is the most crushed group of all in Pakistan. This is the strata who wanted to be modern like upper socioeconomic group but have lesser resources and opportunities. Females are educated equally like males in urban areas such as Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. However, in rural areas, the education rate is substantially lower. Recommendation: For woman there must be a right to life, security and protection from violence which can be mental, physical, psychological and verbal. Government should ensure effective, prompt and impartial investigations into alleged cases of crimes and other incidents, and ensure that particular attention is paid to the investigation of such crimes and incidents and that those responsible for such acts are effectively brought to justice and, where appropriate, punished in order to avoid impunity.
ORIGINAL PROF-3779 ABSTRACT… Background: Diagnosis of Tubercles Pericarditis and Pleuritis remains the greatest challenge for clinicians. WHO has recommended GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay as a screening test for substitution of conventional methods for the initial diagnosis and prognosis of the extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries. Objectives: To find out the diagnostic validity of GeneXpert assay for detection of Myco-bacterium tuberculosis in the pericardial and pleural effusions samples, keeping MTB culture as "Gold Standard". Material and Methods: Total number of 286 samples of effusions (pericardial 128, pleural 158) were received, and processed for Zn smear microscopy, LJ culture, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay according standard protocols. Efficacy for the detection of MTB was evaluated comparatively. Results: Out of 286effusions samples AFB was detected by Zn smear in 11 (3.8%) samples while GeneXpert detected MTB in 43 (15.0%) and LJ culture 51 (17.8%). Zn smear showed sensitivity 18.2%, specificity, 98.1%, Positive predictive value 81.8%, Negative predictive value 85.4 %, in comparison GeneXpert showed high sensitivity 84.3%, specificity 100%, with Positive predictive value 100%, and Negative predictive value 96.7%. Conclusion: GeneXpert assay is innovative tool in resource limited settings for prompt detection of MTB along with drug résistance. It is definitely an attractive point of care test, with High sensitivity and specificity along with turnout time of two hours which facilitates timely diagnoses and appropriate management of tubercle Pleuritis and Pericarditis.
Background: Diagnosis of Tubercles Pericarditis and Pleuritis remains thegreatest challenge for clinicians. WHO has recommended GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay as ascreening test for substitution of conventional methods for the initial diagnosis and prognosisof the extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries. Objectives: Tofind out the diagnostic validity of GeneXpert assay for detection of Myco-bacterium tuberculosisin the pericardial and pleural effusions samples, keeping MTB culture as “Gold Standard”.Material and Methods: Total number of 286 samples of effusions (pericardial 128, pleural 158)were received, and processed for Zn smear microscopy, LJ culture, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assayaccording standard protocols. Efficacy for the detection of MTB was evaluated comparatively.Results: Out of 286effusions samples AFB was detected by Zn smear in 11 (3.8%) samples whileGeneXpert detected MTB in 43 (15.0%) and LJ culture 51 (17.8%). Zn smear showed sensitivity18.2%, specificity, 98.1%, Positive predictive value 81.8%, Negative predictive value 85.4 %, incomparison GeneXpert showed high sensitivity 84.3%, specificity 100%, with Positive predictivevalue 100%, and Negative predictive value 96.7%. Conclusion: GeneXpert assay is innovativetool in resource limited settings for prompt detection of MTB along with drug résistance. It isdefinitely an attractive point of care test, with High sensitivity and specificity along with turnouttime of two hours which facilitates timely diagnoses and appropriate management of tuberclePleuritis and Pericarditis.
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