AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing ekspor produk makanan olahan Indonesia di sepuluh negara Timur Tengah dan rekomendasi kebijakannya. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan diolah dengan metode RCA dinamis. Hasil penghitungan RCA dinamis menunjukkan bahwa posisi daya saing produk makanan olahan dengan kategori Lagging Opportunity dan Lost Opportunity berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan ekspornya ke Timur Tengah. Produk makanan olahan yang perlu ditingkatkan ekspornya adalah minuman ringan, snack/camilan dan makanan olahan lainnya. Peningkatan ekspor produk makanan olahan ke Timur Tengah dapat dilakukan dengan cara a) meningkatkan peran Atase Perdagangan dan ITPC untuk memperoleh informasi pasar, serta melakukan promosi ekspor, b) melakukan koordinasi di dalam dan luar negeri untuk memperoleh sertifikasi keamanan produk makanan olahan yang berorientasi ekspor, c) mempercepat perjanjian perdagangan untuk memperluas akses pasar melalui penurunan tarif impor makanan olahan dari Indonesia, d) memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada eksportir UKM termasuk desain dan pengemasan, dan e) merundingkan penyederhanaan dokumen ekspor dengan biaya yang terjangkau. AbstractThe objectives of this study are to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian processed food exports in the ten Middle East countries and formulate recommendations to increase Indonesia's processed food exports to those countries. The data used in this study was secondary data and estimated by using dynamic RCA method. By using the dynamic RCA method, it was found that the position of the competitiveness of processed food products in the Lagging Opportunity and Lost Opportunity categories have potential to be increased as exports products to the Middle East. These processed products are soft drinks, snacks and other processed foods. The processed food products export to the Middle East can be increased by: a) encouraging Indonesia’s Trade Representatives (Trade Attaches and ITPC) to facilitate doing business between Indonesia and Middle East, b) coordinating domestic and foreign stakeholders to obtain export-oriented food safety certification, c) accelerating the establishment of trade agreements to expand market access through reduced tariffs on imported processed foods from Indonesia, d) increasing competitiveness of export products by providing training and assistance to SME exporters including design and packaging, and e) Negotiating to simplify export documents process at affordable costs.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat yang diperoleh petani dan industri pengolahan kakao nasional, jika memanfaatkan skema Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Pada skema SRG, pemerintah memberikan subsidi bunga yang akan meringankan beban petani dan menghilangkan ketergantungan petani terhadap pinjaman tengkulak. Skema SRG yang diusulkan terbukti dapat mengatasi permasalahan pendanaan petani kakao dan permasalahan bahan baku industri pengolahan kakao. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa proporsi penyerapan bahan baku yaitu biji kakao fermentasi lokal oleh industri kakao nasional, dengan menggunakan skema SRG meningkat dari 35,3% menjadi 72,4% sedangkan impor biji kakao turun dari 64,7% menjadi 27,6%. Petani memperoleh peningkatan nilai manfaat 229,8% dibanding dengan kondisi sebelum SRG, sedangkan total nilai manfaat pada sistem kakao nasional dengan penggunaan skema SRG mengalami peningkatan 19,5%. This research aims to analyze the benefits of the scheme of warehouse receipt subsidy for both local cocoa farmers and cocoa processed industries. In the scheme government would give an interest subsidy which could help ease the burden of the cocoa farmers and reduce their dependency on money lenders. The result of the proposed model for the scheme could overcome the financial problems of farmer and raw material problem for the cocoa processed industries. Using the scheme, the proportion of the local fermented cocoa bean as a raw material increases from 35,3% to 72,4%, while the import of cocoa bean falls from 64,7% to 27,6%. The farmers could get an increase in the benefit value as large as 229,8% of the value without the scheme while the total benefit value for national cocoa system increases by 19,5%.
Management is an activity carried out by moving people or workers to do a job. Allocation of village funds is part of village finances obtained from regional tax revenue sharing and part of the central and regional financial balancing funds received by districts for villages at least 10% (ten percent). All activities originating from the village fund allocation budget are planned, implemented and evaluated openly by involving all village communities. Administrative accountability in North Toraja district is in the good category. The village, the implementing team or the supervisors carry out their respective duties properly according to administrative procedures. The management of infrastructure for village fund allocation in North Toraja Regency is in the good category. In managing the allocation of village funds in North Toraja, professionalism, effectiveness, and efficiency in administrative activities are good because they are done well according to existing procedures. There is a relationship between administrative accountability and the management of village fund allocation infrastructure in North Toraja Regency. It is known that administrative accountability in the management of village fund allocations has a correlation value of 0.670 from the person correlation sig (1-tailed) value associated with each variable, which means that there is a relationship between variables X and Y.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence and virus prevalence of the H9 subtype of avian influenza virus in nonvaccinated broiler farms of dense poultry-populated districts, Lahore and Sheikhupura of Punjab-Pakistan. A convenient sampling method was adopted for collection of blood (n=500) and oropharyngeal swab (n=500) samples from 25 broiler farms of each district for hemagglutination inhibition assay and RT-PCR test, respectively. Proportional estimates were calculated using R software and overall seroprevalence of H9 was estimated at 36.3% (95% CI 33.3-39), with no significant difference (p>0.05) between Lahore (37.2 %, 95% CI=31.2-39.59) and Sheikhupura (35.4%, 95% CI= 29.64-39.76). RT-PCR identified 2% (4/200) pool level viral prevalence. None of the farms from Lahore districts were RT-PCR positive for H9. Simple logistic regression followed by multivariable analysis, identified the presence of foot bath/dipping area at the entrance (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.52-0.93) and availability of rubber shoes for visitors (OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.26-0.48) as protective factors. History of respiratory signs (OR=1.51, 95%=CI 1.12-2.04), history of sudden death in past flocks (OR=3.26, 95% CI=2.41-4.41), and birds previously infected with avian influenza virus (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1-1.76) were significant risk factors. Negligence in preventive measures at farms level was associated with the spread of H9 infection between the farms. To control future outbreaks, biosecurity and continuous monitoring of non-vaccinated flocks are suggested.
This article departs from the author’s analysis that, in building a new paradigm of Social Studies Education, learners as human beings are seen as subjects who think, act, are creative, constructive, and manipulative. The abilities that need to be developed in digital learning are: the ability to think related to cognitive aspects with a touch of technology. The purpose of this article is (1) to find out the strategies of social studies teachers in improving high level thinking skills (2) to study social studies material through the use of technology in improving the ability of students to think at a high level. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive explanatory approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and literature reviews. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis with data collection, data presentation, data reduction and conclusions. The results of the study found that (1) Teachers are able to apply strategies to improve higher-order thinking skills in social studies learning with interpretation, analysis, evaluation and reference (2) Material that can be developed through the use of technology that is able to improve the ability to think at a high level in social studies learning is:Application of the problem solving model as innovative learning in Basic competencies (KD 3.4) with material Integrated pre-literacy life video viewing media and digital literacy.
Pemanggilan Allah terhadap Abraham dalam Kejadian 12:1-9 adalah untuk menjadikannya berkat, terang dan saksi kepada seluruh dunia.
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