Drought and heat stress are two major abiotic stresses that challenge the sustainability of agriculture to a larger extend. The changing and unpredictable climate further aggravates the efforts made by researchers as well as farmers. The stresses during the terminal stage of cool-season food legumes may affect numerous physiological and biochemical reactions that may result in poor yield. The plants possess a good number of adaptative and avoiding mechanisms to sustain the adverse situation. The various agronomic and breeding approaches may help in stress-induced alteration. The physiological and biochemical response of crops to any adverse situation is very important to understand to develop mechanisms and approaches for tolerance in plants. Agronomic approaches like altering the planting time, seed priming, foliar application of various macro and micro nutrients, and the application of rhizobacteria may help in mitigating the adverse effect of heat and drought stress to some extent. Breeding approaches like trait-based selection, inheritance studies of marker-based selection, genetic approaches using the transcriptome and metabolome may further pave the way to select and develop crops with better heat and drought stress adaptation and mitigation.
Aims: To investigate the effect of combination between foliar zinc and boron on groundnut growth, yield, nutrient uptake and its accumulation in pods. Study Design: Completely random design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during 2016. Methodology: The pot experiment was comprised of three levels of Zn (0, 0.5 and 0.75% Zn), three levels of B (0, 0.3 and 0.45% B) and their combinations. The treatments were replicated thrice. Zn and B were applied through foliar spray twice at vegetative and flower initiation stage. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, root–shoot dry biomass, plant height, nutrient uptake and nutrient concentrations in pods were studied. Results: Foliar spray of Zn and B jointly increased the leaf area to the tune of 55% and 29% at flowering and pod formation stages, respectively. Despite sole application of B and Zn increased the leaf chlorophyll content in groundnut; the combined applications were much more prominent. Moreover, lower level of Zn combined with higher level of B significantly (p<0.05) had higher uptake of N (18.8%), P (11.5%) and K (5.9%) over higher level of sole Zn application. The improved biomass accumulation of groundnut amplified the efficient utilization of primary nutrients and resulted in higher nutrient uptake as well as their concentration in pods. Groundnut when sprayed with elevated doses of Zn and B produced the maximum yield (30.8 g/plant). Conclusion: Spraying of Zn and B increased plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content noticeably and with the increase in concentration of Zn and B in spray, the increment became quite intense. The combined spray of Zn and B at critical growth stages promoted better growth and productivity of groundnut.
A field experiment was conducted at Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal to study the performance of five rice hybrids namely 6129 Gold, Tej Gold, 6444 Gold, Prima Gold and PHB 71 in terms of growth, productivity and grain quality under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) during kharif season. Observations revealed that 6129 Gold recorded highest hills m -2 (17.3), no. of panicles m -2 (215.5) and no. of filled grain per panicle (212.4). But owing to least 1000 grain weight (22.6 g) compared to other hybrid rice cultivars, 6129 Gold achieved lower grain yield (5.6 t ha -1 ). By accounting higher 1000 grain weight (25 g) and other yield attributing characters, Prima Gold performed best in terms of grain yield (6.9 t ha -1 ). Besides yield and yield attributing characters, grain quality (hulling, milling and head rice recovery) was also better in Prima Gold. Considering all the observations it can be concluded that Prima Gold and 6444 Gold performed better in moisture striven red lateritic zone of West Bengal under SRI.
A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.
A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.
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