Our finding that those who scored best on the questionnaire were midwives and single female nurses holding an MSN who had previously cared for HIV-infected patients scored best might indicate that use of selective education campaigns is the most suitable education strategy. The effectiveness of targeted education programs on HIV/AIDS should be repeatedly evaluated in the future.

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Background: Potter's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that refers to a set of clinical manifestations that are associated with oligohydramnios caused by fetal kidney failure. The hallmark of this syndrome is the special clinical picture that in addition oligohydramnios characteristic with pulmonary hypoplasia, bilateral renal agenesis; limb deformities and specific face. The embryo dies before or immediately after birth due to respiratory failure. The aim of this study is to report a fetus with Potter's syndrome that was born by vaginal delivery. Case report: Ultrasound examination of pregnant woman revealed that her male fetus with gestational age of 25 weeks with Potter's syndrome and the amniotic fluid index is zero. The mother was hospitalized in unit labor and delivered in a natural course. The baby had a clinical picture of Potter's syndrome and severe respiratory distress and died shortly after birth. Conclusion: Potter's syndrome is a very serious condition and most of the time it is deadly. Prenatal ultrasound by examining oligohydramnios and kidneys helps to diagnose.

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition. Mobile-based psychoeducation is a very important tool for the treatment of this disorder. Objectives: The study aimed to provide scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of these tools for patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: In a randomized control trial (RCT) with a sample size of 41, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the intervention or the control arms based on the random number table. The study was performed in a psychiatric teaching hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The primary targets of the study was to measure the depression, manic, and anxiety symptoms that were measured at baseline and 3 months follow‐up for the intervention and the control group. A mobile application was developed and provided to the intervention group after discharge from the case hospital. The control group did not receive the application and received routine health care services during the study. A baseline comparison was performed between the groups, comparisons of the primary outcomes between the groups and within each group were carried out. Results: The results showed that the score of anxiety, depression, and mania at baseline and after the follow-up did not have a significant decrease within the groups. In addition, a slight reduction in the depression and anxiety scores within the groups was found. The mean of anxiety (P-value: 0.035), depression (P-value: 0.024), and mania (P-value: 0.007) after 3 month follow-up had a significant decrease between the groups. A baseline comparison was performed between the groups, and comparisons of the primary outcomes between the groups and within each group were carried out. Conclusions: Given the low effectiveness of using mobile-based psychoeducation on anxiety, depression, and mania in bipolar patients. It is recommended to use mobile applications as a complementary treatment along with other types of treatment for bipolar patients in future studies to obtain more evidence about the effectiveness of mobile-based psychoeducation.

Background:The most important reason for vaccination delay is the unawareness of the parents of vaccination schedule. The use of reminders can result in better vaccination coverage.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the preferred method of receiving vaccination reminders from the parents' perspective. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We studied the parents of under 7-year-old children who visited one of the six urban health centres in Mashhad for vaccination of their children in 2017. Three hundred parents were participated based on the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of five sections. Five Medical Informatics specialists confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The data were analysed by descriptiveinferential statistics and the significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results: Around 94% of the participants wanted to be reminded about their children's vaccination schedule. Most of them (74.3%) preferred to receive reminders by short text messaging (SMS) and 42% preferred to be reminded 1 day before the vaccination date (n ¼ 42%). The tendency to receive reminders and the preferred method had no significant correlation with participants' age, education degree and residential area.