There is general agreement that waste tyres should be better managed in order to preserve valuable resources and prevent environmental damage as a result of improper disposal. This paper describes the use of crumb rubber in concrete paving blocks. Existing block material is characterised as a composite with high compressive strength but with low toughness; the addition of rubber improves toughness while meeting minimum strength requirements. A total of 4300 rubberised concrete paving blocks were produced in a commercial plant, and 348 were tested for compression and abrasion performance, sound absorption, voids and skid resistance. The test results revealed that rubber substitution should not exceed 20% by sand volume in order to avoid excessive reductions in compressive strength. Further investigations showed that sound absorption and toughness were improved as the rubber content in the mix increased. The specimens showed a significant capability for absorbing dynamic loading and resisting crack propagation, which is beneficial for pavements that require good impact resistance properties.
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term strength of rubberised concrete paving blocks. The effect of three curing conditions on compressive strength was studied. Additional strength tests which included flexural and splitting tensile strength were conducted to determine the strength characteristics and to enhance the understanding of the blocks' properties. Four batches of blocks that replaced sand volume with crumb rubber at 0, 10, 20 and 30% were produced in a commercial plant. The results showed that 10% replacement of crumb rubber did not show any significant change in compressive strength but slightly improved the flexural strength. As the rubber content exceeded 20%, the blocks exhibited a great reduction in strength although ductility increased greatly. It was found that the block specimens tested remained intact after failure and did not shatter. This would be beneficial for trafficked roads.
Natural crushed aggregate (NCA) is the most common material for aggregate throughout the world. The consumption of the NCA itself is rising up through the years. Concrete structures and road construction are some of the most consuming aggregate material, especially NCA. Therefore, aggregate such as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has become an alternative material for some particular civil construction. The implementation of RCA as road construction material has been raised for a long time ago especially in road base layer. Road base layer as foundation for road pavement must provide an adequate strength to hold the working load on the pavement surface. RCA is more heterogeneous material compared to NCA as the RCA contain many substances, such as aggregate, cement, sand, and some additive substances. Hence, it effects the strength of the RCA as construction material. In this paper, the properties of the RCA are investigated to get the characteristic of the aggregate. Density, water absorption, aggregate crushing value (ACV), compaction, and penetration test (CBR) were conducted in this research. An improvement by using plastic strips as addition also proposed to strengthen the RCA as road base material.
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