This paper presents a self-powered interface circuit to extract energy from ambient vibrations for powering up microelectronic devices. The circuit interfaces a piezoelectric energy harvesting micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device to scavenge acoustic energy. Synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) technique is deployed through the implementation of a novel multistage energy extraction (MSEE) circuit in 180 nm HV CMOS technology to harvest and store energy. The circuit is optimized to operate with minimum power losses when input power is limited, and adapts well to operating conditions with higher input power. The highly accurate peak detector was validated for a wide piezoelectric frequency range from 20 Hz to 4 kHz. A charging efficiency of about 84% has been achieved for 4.75 V open-circuit piezoelectric voltage excited at 390 Hz input vibration under nominal input power range of 30-80 µW. Power optimizations enable the circuit to maintain a conversion efficiency of 47% at input power level as low as 3.12 µW. MSEE provides up to 15% efficiency improvement compared to traditional SECE, and maintains power efficiency as high as possible for a wide input power range. Index Terms-Interface circuit (IC), multistage energy extraction (MSEE), piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH), power efficiency, self powered, vibration.
This paper presents an efficient hybrid energy harvesting interface to synergistically scavenge power from electromagnetic (EM) and piezoelectric (PE) sources, and drive a single load. The EM harvester output is rectified through a self-powered active doubler structure, and stored on a storage capacitor. The stored energy is then transferred to the PE harvester to increase the damping force and charge extraction. The total synergistically extracted power from both harvesters is more than the power obtained from each independently. The hybrid operation is validated through a compact and wearable platform that includes custom designed EM and PE harvesters for scavenging energy from human motion. The system supplies 1-3.4 V output for powering up wireless sensor nodes with a wide range of vibration frequency, and generates between 1-100 μW at 90% maximum power conversion efficiency. The solution has superior power generation performance compared to previous stand-alone systems in the literature.
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