Background Because of climate and forest vegetation, Turkey has regions (particularly the Mediterranean and Aegean regions) that are vulnerable to forest fires. Approximately 2000 forest fires have occurred every year for the last 20 years, with at least 48% of them caused by humans. This percentage increases to 71% when the rates of fires of unknown causes are included. In this study, legislation on Turkish forest fires was analyzed based on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) guide, “Forest Fires and the Law.” The guide was prepared by expert lawyers and addresses the basic topics of definitions; institutional setup and interinstitutional coordination planning, monitoring, and assessment; prevention and preparedness; detection and early warning and suppression; participatory and community-based approaches to fire management; fire use; rehabilitation; and law enforcement. The objective of this study was to reveal the current status of Turkish forestry legislation and its practices based on the FAO guide. Results According to our analysis, Turkish forestry legislation has followed the FAO criteria 78.1% of the time. It is clear that effective regulations exist, with the Turkish Constitution being the foremost touchstone. The results illustrate that, no matter how strong the legislation is, a deficiency in administrative measures and a lack of public awareness make combating forest fires unsuccessful. Conclusions The areas that need to be improved have been determined to be definitions, participatory and community-based approaches to fire management, and creating a fire line. A focus on public participation and the social approach is needed.
Achieving job satisfaction of employees in today's forestry is an undeniable fact in terms of successful resource management. This study aims at examining the most significant factors affecting job satisfaction in Turkish forestry. Two different questionnaires were applied to 496 interviewees from two different interest groups associated with the forestry section of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in the nine geographical regions of Turkey. People to be interviewed were determined using the layered-simple random sampling method. The obtained data were evaluated via descriptive statistics, and also, whether the ideas of the interviewees related to the most significant factors affecting the job satisfaction differ according to the regions, the units studied, the task and the experience were inspected by the Kruskal-Wallis H Test. The different groups were determined via the Duncan Test. Accordingly, the vast majority of interviewees identified "unfair and incompetent personnel policy" and "political pressures" as the most significant factors affecting the work efficiency in the Forestry Organization. On the other hand, the majority of employees are satisfied from their works and they think "the feeling to be useful to the community" as the most important factor affecting job satisfaction. Similarly, the majority of employees have "medium level" satisfaction with the wages they receive and they are open to share their opinions on issues related to forestry. Also, most of the interviewees have the idea that the management and inspection mentality which is far from political, social and administrative pressures will increase the job satisfaction. Likewise, 75% of employees feel unsafe in any legal inquiry about the task. All these negativities were revealed and interpreted as factors reducing job satisfaction and so success. According to these results, some suggestions were developed towards increasing job satisfaction.
The interaction between forest resources and forest villagers has made rural development a privileged component of Turkish forest policy. In this context the main aim of the study was to investigate the framing of rural development issues in national forest policy by using content analysis method. The economic aspect is the most prominent dimension regarding rural development in the context of national forest policy, environmental and socio-cultural factors follow it respectively. Also, the main approach depends on supporting the forest villagers and its development is seen as an essential tool to protect the forest resources.
World production of wood based panel has grown from 63,1 million cubic meters in 2005 to 75,5 million m 3 in 2009, a 12 million m 3 rise in production. China is the world's largest wood based panel's manufacturer. The Turkish wood based panels industry has shown a tendency of fluctuating during this time. Turkey, as the world's 4 th largest producer of wood based panels, is an important contributor to the industry. Turkey has made great strides in the last 20 years in the forest products industry. Both the development of new materials and techniques of domestic and international market demand have played a decisive role. Turkey's wood panel production has gone from 100000 m 3 in the early 2000s, to 5,5 million m³ of production in 2010. The sector's total production capacity is approximately 9 million m³. The results obtained thus far indicate that the Turkish wood based panel industry demand for raw material is not being met by the GDF's chip wood fiber production. Where the raw material supply problem in the industry, as well as the problems encountered in the forest and on the basis of the villagers living adjacent to, not to the time of product problems related to storage and transportation of raw materials and other related problems are bottlenecks. We examine problems related to the provision of raw materials and raw materials research, the need for future estimates of the level at which the world and close to the periphery countries will be examined, wood composite panel production and trade policy recommendations will be developed.
The objectives of this study were to provide information on the history of forest plantations and the institutions responsible for plantation works in Turkey, and to make recommendations for the solution of problems relating to plantations.Plantation activities can be divided into three periods in Turkey according to the legislation, starting in 1937. Under the Forest Law 3116 plantation activities were implemented systematically by the General Directorate of Forestry between 1937 and 1956. In the second period , plantation activities increased as industrial plantations were initiated. The third period, covering 1986 to the present-day, saw, in addition to afforestation, plantation establishment for non-timber purposes such as erosion control, range improvement and energy.There are many political problems as well as institutional ones that have influenced plantation activities in Turkey and these have on occasion led to a reduction in forestry activities during certain periods. Although the Development Plans and the report of the Turkish National Forestry Program and the Forestry Special Expertise Commission include many objectives and policies regarding forest plantations the majority of these have not been fulfilled. Evaluation institutionelle et politique des forêts de plantation en TurquieT. DENİZ et H.T. YILDIRIM Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de fournir des informations sur l'histoire des forêts de plantation et des institutions responsables des travaux de plantation en Turquie, et d'offrir des recommandations pour essayer d'aboutir à un résolution des problèmes liés aux plantations.Les activités des plantations en Turquie peuvent être divisées en trois périodes selon la législation, en commençant en 1937. Sous l'égide de la loi de foresterie 3116, les activités de plantations étaient mises à l'oeuvre systématiquement par le Directoire Général de Foresterie entre 1937 et 1956. Dans la seconde période ( 1956 à 1986), les activités de plantations augmentèrent alors que survenaient les plantations industrielles. La troisième période, de 1986 à nos jours, vit, en addition à la reforestation, un établissement de plantations à buts autre que la production de bois, tel que le contrôle de l'érosion, une amélioration de l'envergure et pour l'énergie.Les problèmes politiques autant qu'institutionnels ayant influencé les activitiés de plantations en Turquie sont nombreux et ont parfois conduit à une diminution des activités de foresterie durant certaines périodes. Malgré le fait que les Plans de Développement et le rapport du Programme National de Foresterie Turc et la Commission d'Expertise Spéciale de Foresterie incluent plusieurs objectifs et politiques concernant les forêts de plantation; la majorité de ceux-ci n'ont pas été atteints. Evaluación institucional y política de las plantaciones forestales en TurquíaT. DENİZ y H.T. YILDIRIM Los objetivos de este estudio fueron proporcionar información sobre la historia de las plantaciones forestales y de las instituciones responsables de los trabajos de plantación...
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