Background Sexual violence is one of the most investigated types of violence by national and international decision makers. The purpose of this study was to detect the factors that affect sexual violence against women in Turkey. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional data set was employed from the survey titled the National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, which was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Binary logistic and probit regression analyses were used to determine the factors influential in women’s exposure to sexual violence. Results The findings obtained from the analyses indicated that women’s exposure to sexual violence was influenced by a variety of factors including region, age, level of education, employment status, health condition, marital status, number of children as well as exposure to physical, economic, and verbal abuse. In addition, it was determined that the level of education, employment status, drug use, infidelity and other variables related to the husband/partner of the women who participated in the survey affected the women’s exposure to sexual violence. Conclusion There remains a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence among women residing in rural and less developed regions. A decrease in the women’s level of education increased their probability of exposure to sexual violence. An increase in the women's age and an increase in the level of education of the women’s husbands/partners lowered the probability of their exposure to sexual violence. There was a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence among women who had experienced physical, economic, and verbal abuse.
Background: Sexual violence is among the most threatening type of violence and one of the most investigated by national and international decision makers. The purpose of this study was to detect the factors that affect sexual violence against women in Turkey.Methods: In this study, a micro data set of from the survey titled Research on Domestic Violence against Women conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies was employed. By utilizing binary logistic and probit regression analysis, influential factors for a woman's exposure to sexual violence were detected.Results: Findings obtained from the analysis indicated that a woman's exposure to sexual violence was influenced by a variety of factors such as region, age, level of education, employment, health condition, marital status, number of children as well as exposure to physical, economic, and verbal abuse. In addition, it was found that the level of education, employment status, drug use, infidelity and other variables related to the husband/partner of the women who participated in the survey.Conclusion: Among women residing in rural and less developed regions, there remains a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence. A decrease in the woman’s level of education elevated her probability of exposure to sexual violence. An increase in women's age and an increase in the level of education of the woman’s husband/partner lowered the probability of the woman's exposure to sexual violence. Among women who had experienced physical, economic, and verbal abuse, there was a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence.
Background/aimOlder adults represent a significant proportion of the population of many societies, and being one of the disadvantaged groups, they struggle with various difficulties in their social lives. Undoubtedly, passive smoking is one of these difficulties. Passive smoking among older adults, which is an important public health problem, is an issue that needs to be investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of adults aged 60 and older in Türkiye and their exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS).MethodsIn this study, a microdata set of the 2016 and 2019 Turkey Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) was used. This survey was conducted by TUIK in the relevant years using a stratified sampling method to best represent the whole of Turkey. The study considered only demographic and socio-economic characteristics to investigate passive smoking. Since all the variables used in the study were categorical, the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables was first investigated using chi-square tests. In addition, since the dependent variable has an ordered-categorical probability form, the generalized ordinal logit model was used for the analysis of passive smoking and related factors.ResultsThe rate of exposure to tobacco smoke of older adults who participated in the study in 2016 was 16%, while the rate of those who participated in the study in 2019 was 21%.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the study, older, uneducated, and uninsured smokers carry a more serious SHS risk. It may be beneficial for society for policy makers to carry out studies by considering these features a priority and focusing on policies in this context. Expanding smoke-free areas to cover older adult, increasing penalties as a deterrent, facilitating education, increasing state support for education, increasing education and public service announcements about tobacco harms, and facilitating social security are the main examples. This study’s findings are crucial as a source of information for the development of policies and programs aimed at preventing the exposure of older adults to tobacco smoke.
Education is undoubtedly one of the most important elements for the development levels of countries and societies. It is also one of the essential requirements in today's world. Education is a key element of individual starting and later social development, therefore development across countries. Today, in most developed countries, the state spends a large amount of fund for education. Households, as well as governments, spend a lot on education. In this study, their expenses for the education of households in Turkey are discussed, and the effect of socio-demographic and economic factors of these expenditures are examined. For this purpose, the data set obtained from the 2019 Household Budget Survey published by TURKSTAT is analyzed with the Tobit Model. According to the analysis results, the fact that the head of the household is male in a family, and his age has a negative effect on education expenditures. In addition, in contrast to the literature, variables that may indirectly affect household education expenditures, such as the structure of the household, the presence of individuals who smoke, read magazines, go to the movies, and play sports, have been added to the model.
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