Diabetes melitus adalah kelainan metabolik yang ditandai dengan keadaan hiperglikemia. Ubijalar merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi dalam pengobatan diabetes melitus. Tujuan penelitianyang dilakukan mengukur efek ekstrak etanol daun dan batang ubi jalar kuning (Ipomoea batatasLinn.) dalam penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus jantan yang diinduksi aloksan 150 mg/kgBB. Penelitian menggunakan tikus jantan sebanyak 15 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan,kelompok kontrol negatif diberi akuadest, kelompok kontrol positif diberi metformin 45 mg/kgBB,dan 3 kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak dengan dosis 200, 300, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Perlakuandiberikan selama 12 hari. Aloksan 150 mg/kgBB digunakan agar tikus diabetes dengan kadar glukosadarah ≥ 200 mg/dL. Hasil penurunan kadar glukosa darah berturut-turut pada dosis 200, 300, dan400 mg/kgBB adalah 131,33 mg/dL, 125,33 mg/dL, dan 124,00 mg/dL. Persen penurunan kadarglukosa darah yang efektif dibanding kontrol negatif ditunjukkan dosis 300 mg/kgBB yaitu sebesar66,58%. Hasil uji statistik wilcoxon pada kadar glukosa darah hari ke-3 dibandingkan hari ke-12diperoleh nilai p <0,05 menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.
Previous research has shown that some compounds in leaves and seeds of sugar apple have a cytotoxic activity. The aim of this research was to determine the cytotoxicity of semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark (Annona squamosa L.) on T47D cancer cells. The semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark was collected by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) with hexane:ethyl acetic (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) as mobile phase. Cytotoxicity from the fractions of five different concentration namely; 25, 50, 100, 150, and 250, µg/mL was measured by MTT assay. The potency of the cytotoxicity was defined by the ability of the fraction to inhibit the growth of T47D cells indicated by the value of IC50. Qualitative analysis of contained compounds in the fraction was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method using silica gel F 254 as a stationary phase and hexane:ethyl acetic (7:3) as a mobile phase. UV 254 and 366 nm lamp also Dragendorff, citroboric, and FeCl3 spray reagents were used to visualize the spots of the secondary metabolites. The result proved that the semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark showed potential cytotoxicity on T47D cancer cells with IC50value of 70,77 µg/mL. Qualitative analysis showed that the fraction contained flavonoids and alkaloids which is presumably responsible for its cytotoxic activity.
Tanaman ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) mudah didapat dan banyak kegunaannya,terutama bagian umbi ubi jalar ungu yang banyak diolah masyarakat sedangkan bagian daun dan batang pemanfaatnya belum maksimal. Umbinya telah diketahui mempunyai aktivitas dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah dari ekstrak etanol daun dan batang ubi jalar ungu serta golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak. Desain penelitian menggunakan randomized pre-test post-test kontrol grup desain. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus jantan galur wistar dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (metformin 45 mg/kgBB), kelompok perlakuan ubi jalar ungu dosis 150; 300; 600 mg/kgBB, sebelumnya masing –masing tikus dinduksi dengan aloksan 150 mg/kgBB, dan dilakukan pemantauan selama 14 hari. Pemeriksaan kadar gula darah menggunakan spektrofotometer visibel dengan panjang gelombang 500 nm. Data dianalisis secara statistik untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar gula darah. Hasil yang didapat dengan pemberian ekstrak pada dosis 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB selama pemantauan 14 hari dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah berturut – turut menjadi 96,33 ± 4,72 ; 66,67 ± 16,16 ; dan 142,67 ± 27,06 mg/dL. Ekstrak etanol daun dan batang ubi jalar ungu memiliki kandungan senyawa yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan senyawa fenolik. The purple sweet potato plant (Ipomoea batatas L.) is easy to obtain and has many uses, especially the purple sweet potato tubers which are mostly utilized by the people, while the utilization of its leaves and stem are not maximized. Its tuber has been known to have activity in reducing blood sugar levels.This research aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of leaves and stems of purple sweet potatoes in reducing blood glucose level as well as to identify its chemical constituents. The study was design by a randomized pre-test post-test control group. The animal used were 15 wistar male rats which divided into 5 groups, these include negative control (distilled water), positive control (metformin 45 mg/kgBW), treatment group of purple sweet potatoes with the doses of 150; 300; 600 mg/kgBW, before the treatment all rats were induced by aloxan 150 mg/kgBW, and all groups were observed for 14 days. Blood glucose level was determined using UV-Vis spectophotometer at wavelength of 500 nm. The data were analyzed statistically to evaluate blood glucose level alteration. The result showed that the extract at doses of 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBW decrease blood glucose level in 14 days observation, the blood glucose levels were 96.33 ± 4.72 ; 66.67 ± 16.16 ; and 142.67 ± 27.06 mg/dL, respectively. The ethanol extract of leaves and stem of purple sweet potatoescontained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds
AbstrakPenyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyakit utama dan penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat adalah tumbuhan sirsak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol, fraksi nonpolar, semipolar dan polar daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis serta golongan senyawa kimianya yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode dilusi padat. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dari ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dilakukan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis. Bioautografi dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona jernih pada media yang telah diinokulasi bakteri dan ditempeli plat KLT hasil elusi ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak heksan:etil asetat (7:3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirsak, fraksi nonpolar, semipolar dan polar mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM berturut-turut sebesar 2,5% 3%; 3,5%; 4% dan 4,5% b/v. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak adalah polifenol, antron, antranol, triterpenoid saponin, dan steroid saponin. Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumonia adalah senyawa golongan saponin, polifenol, dan antakinon. Sedangkan Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah senyawa golongan polifenol dan antrakinon.
This first year study is aimed at describingmathematics learning management done by elementary school teachers. Specifically it is acted to describe room and media management, teaching learning materials, and their interaction in teaching learning process held by the teachers at Selo, Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia. Wholly, this study is in the frame of research and development (R & D) but for the first, qualitative approach is selected. The informants cover principal, teachers, and the students. For collecting the data, the writer uses observation, in depth interview, and documentation, then the collected data are analyzed by flow method. The results of this study show (1) room and media management done properly makes mathematics learning effective, productive and arising motivation on concept understanding, (2) learning material management makes optimal learning outcome and reflective thinking of the students, (3) interaction management makes teaching learning process lively and happily and finally optimal learning objectives are reached.
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