The present research was undertaken to study the antifungal activities of Origanum onites L. and Ziziphora clinopodioides L. essential oils against three different isolates (M1-5, M2-1 and M3-5) of Botrytis cinerea (in vitro tests) and to investigate the vapor contact impacts on fungus and strawberry fruit quality (in vivo tests). Antifungal activities of these oils were tested by following the poisoned food technique at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mL/L) against B. cinerea. In vitro studies suggested that the 0.50 mL/L and 1.00 mL/L doses of O. onites and 1.00 mL/L and 2.00 mL/L doses of Z. clinopodioides provide high mycelial growth inhibition, 85.29–94.12% and 39.12–94.12%, respectively, by direct addition to food. Thus, these doses were tested in in vivo conditions, as a vapor contact treatment against two isolates (M1-5 and M3-5) of B. cinerea inoculated on strawberry cv. Camarosa fruits. Results showed that both O. onites and Z. clinopodioides essential oils have a moderate to high impact on the prevention of gray mold. The oils were also found to have a slight to moderate impact on weight loss and the loss of soluble solids concentration. Overall, the results demonstrated that the tested oils are a potential biodegradable alternative to fungicides.

Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth and yield of the crop. In this context, effective weed management is important to minimize the negative impact of weeds on maize production. This can be achieved through a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods. The use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides as sequential or individual applications of these herbicides can be an effective way to manage weeds in maize. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in order to determine the efficacy of sequential and individual applications of Dimethenamid-P + Terbuthylazine and Isoxaflutole + Thiencarbazone methyl + Cyprosulfamide as pre- emergence. On the other hand, Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron and Dicamba + Nicosulfuron were used as post-emergence herbicides. The effects of the herbicides were also assayed on corn yield and related parameters. In this regard, we designed the experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Accordingly, the effect of the herbicides varied according to the active ingredients of the herbicide and the weed species. In addition, the effectiveness of herbicides varied according to the assessment times. The lowest effect was found on E. crus-galli, which was obtained from Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron (MN) (35%) plots. Other herbicides showed high efficacy (95–100%). Concerning values of both years, the highest cob length, cob diameter, 1000-grain weight, and plant height were obtained in weed-free control plots and the highest grain yield was obtained in the control plots with weed-free checks as 12.88 tons/ha and 12.37 tons/ha, respectively. The lowest corn grain yield was obtained in weedy control plots in both years. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of pre- and post- emergence herbicides in maize can be an effective way chemical weed control option.

This study was carried out in Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus to investigate the effects of different mulch materials on weed control, cucumber yield and soil temperature and moisture in cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) cultivation in 2020 and 2021. Five mulch materials (flax cover, peat, chopped paper, straw and fresh grass) were used in the study. Temperature and humidity loggers were used in the study. The research was established in a randomized block design with 7 characters and 4 replications. In the years of the study, the effects of mulch applications on weed dry weights and cucumber yield and some yield components were determined. As a result of the study, a total of 12 weed species belonging to 7 families were determined in the trial area. As a result of the analysis, the effects of mulching on weed dry weight and cucumber yield (P=0.00

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of some herbicides on weed species and weed population in the landscape area of Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus in 2021. In the study, herbicides with active ingredients, 2,4-D amine, Bromoxynil + MCPA, 2,4-D tri-isopropyl amine salt + Picloram, dicamba + triasulfuron, 2,4-D EHE + florasulam, Halosulfuron-methyl and Fluazifop-p-butyl as well as Bromoxynil + MCPA + dicamba + triasulfuron and 2,4-D amine + Fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide mixtures were used. The percentage effects of the herbicides applied in the study on weed dry weights, weed species, and the percentage effects of herbicides on these weed species were determined according to the 3 counts made at certain intervals for the weed species with a density of 1 weeds/m2 and above in the census.As a result of the study, a total of 14 weed species belonging to 8 families were determined in the trial area. Of these detected weed species, Trifolium  repens L (5.49 weed/m2),  Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (3.24 weed/m2),  Trifolium  pratense L.  (1.23 weed/m2), Melilotus albus Medik. (1.07 weed/m2) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (1.03 weed/m2), the density of 5 of them was determined as 1 weeds/m2 and above. As a result of the study, the lowest weed dry weights (2.12 g/m2) and the highest percentage effect (94.50%) were obtained in the 2,4-D tri-isopropyl amine salt + Picloram plots. The percentage effects of the herbicides applied in the study on the weed species varied according to the weed species and the herbicides used.

Yabancı otlar domateste (Solanum lycopersicum L.) önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına sebep olup, hasat işlemlerini de zorlaştırmaktadır. Organik sebze üretiminde yabancı otlarla mücadele yöntemlerinden biride malçlamadır. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmayı 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında Iğdır’da domateste farklı kalınlıktaki farklı malç materyallerin domates verimi ve yabancı otlar üzerindeki etkileri belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında üç farklı malç materyali (kırpılmış kağıt, çim ve buğday samanı) ve üç farklı kalınlıkları (5 cm – 10 cm – 15 cm) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma da malç materyallerinin domateste yabancı otlanmaya, yabancı ot kuru ağırlığına ve domates verim ve verim unsurları; bitki başına alınan meyve sayısı (adet/bitki), meyve ağırlığı (gr), bitki başına verim (kg/bitki), toplam meyve adedi (adet/da) suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM) (%) üzerine olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca malçlamanın yabancı otlanma üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla belirli aralıklarla yabancı ot sayımları yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda her iki yılda da malç materyallerinin etkileri SÇKM hariç diğer parametreler üzerinde istatistiki olarak fark %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Deneme alanında 9 familyaya ait 16 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Deneme alanında her iki yılda da benzer yabancı ot türleri; Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Xanthium strumarium L. ve Chenopodium album L. yoğunlukta tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan sayımlarda genel olarak yabancı ot yoğunluklarında artış olup, yabancı ot yoğunluğu malç materyallerine ve kalınlıklara göre değişiklik göstermiş ve en düşük yabancı ot yoğunlukları kalınlıkları fazla olan parsellerde gözlemlenmiştir. Yabancı ot kuru ağırlıkları üzerine en yüksek yüzde etki oranları ilk yıl %91,11 oran ile Saman 15 cm, ikinci yıl %91,40 oran ile Kağıt 15 cm parsellerinde elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada en yüksek domates verimleri ilk yıl 6.075 kg/da ile Çim 15 cm ve ikinci yıl 5.740,48 kg/da ile Kâğıt 15 cm parsellerinde elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki yılda da en düşük domates verimleri yabancı otlu kontrol parsellerinde elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak malç materyallerinin kalınlıkları arttıkça yabancı ot yoğunlukları ve kuru ağırlıklarında azalma meydana gelmektedir.