Management of Weeds in Maize by Sequential or Individual Applications of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides

Abstract

Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth and yield of the crop. In this context, effective weed management is important to minimize the negative impact of weeds on maize production. This can be achieved through a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods. The use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides as sequential or individual applications of these herbicides can be an effective way to manage weeds in maize. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in order to determine the efficacy of sequential and individual applications of Dimethenamid-P + Terbuthylazine and Isoxaflutole + Thiencarbazone methyl + Cyprosulfamide as pre- emergence. On the other hand, Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron and Dicamba + Nicosulfuron were used as post-emergence herbicides. The effects of the herbicides were also assayed on corn yield and related parameters. In this regard, we designed the experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Accordingly, the effect of the herbicides varied according to the active ingredients of the herbicide and the weed species. In addition, the effectiveness of herbicides varied according to the assessment times. The lowest effect was found on E. crus-galli, which was obtained from Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron (MN) (35%) plots. Other herbicides showed high efficacy (95–100%). Concerning values of both years, the highest cob length, cob diameter, 1000-grain weight, and plant height were obtained in weed-free control plots and the highest grain yield was obtained in the control plots with weed-free checks as 12.88 tons/ha and 12.37 tons/ha, respectively. The lowest corn grain yield was obtained in weedy control plots in both years. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of pre- and post- emergence herbicides in maize can be an effective way chemical weed control option.

Effect of pre and post-emergence herbicides and irrigation levels on yield, weed flora, and weed index on drip irrigated paired row maize

“…ha -1 + atrazine @ 625 g a.i ha -1 at 20 DAS (7,718 kg ha -1 ), however all were statistically on par with each other, but significantly superior over unweeded control (4,634 kg ha -1 ) (Table 4). The results obtained are in accordance with Alptekin et al (2023) [9] . The higher kernel yield in PE application of atrazine @ 1.25 kg a.i.…”

Laboratory Safety Evaluation and Weed Control Potential of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Quinoa

“…In the context of this study, we evaluated the safety of quinoa through herbicide immersion and greenhouse pot experiments with pre-seedling treatments. This is similar to the study conducted on maize crops by Alptekin et al [13], who evaluated the efficacy of the combined use of pre-seedling and post-seedling herbicides through field experiments. In these experiments, special attention was paid to the effects of 10 commonly used preseedling herbicides and 13 commonly used post-seedling herbicides on the safety of quinoa, as well as the safety and weed control efficacy of penoxsulam in combination with specific herbicides such as metamifop, pinpxaden, and benzobicyclon.…”

“…Building on the results of the combination safety assessments, a mixture of 5% penoxsulam OD and 10% metamifop EC was selected for laboratory bioassay activity testing on weeds at a volumetric ratio of 1:4.6. The application period was set when grassy weeds reached the 3-leaf and 1-heart stage, and broadleaf weeds reached the 4-leaf stage (BBCH stages [13][14] [19]. The cultivation method for the test materials was the same as that described in Section 2.5.2.…”

Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine

“…This substance disturbs the course of photosynthesis, chlorophyll decay and cell membrane function, leading to weed death [54]. Additionally, Alptekin et al [55] confirmed that when it is applied to the soil, it reduces the number of weeds, thus increasing the quality and quantity of maize crops. In the present study, maize responded positively to the effects of the tested herbicides, as evidenced by the obtained values of its tolerance index (TI) to these preparations.…”