The seaweed farmers who are competent indicated by their positive behavior on technical and management of sea weed farming. The objectives of the study are: (1) To find the sea weed farmers characteristics in relation to their competence in sea weed farming management; (2) To find evidence how they practice on sea weed farming; (3) To analyse the relationship between the sea weed farmers characteristics and their competence in sea weed farming. The study was desigred as a descriptive correlation, the data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods same important results are: (1) Majority of the farmers are old age, they have enough experiences in sea weed farming, they have frequently interacted with the extension educator; (2) Most of the farmers have enough competent in: a) Selecting the seeds; b) Harvesting; c) Planting; d) Post harvest management; e) Marketing; and f) Preparation of the farming. There were high significant correlation between age, education, experiences, areal of farming, family dependent members, interaction with the extention educator, and the farmers competencies.

Although the exploration of mineral resources and industry can promote economic development, it can also threaten the resilience and well-being of the environment, health, ecosystems, and the comfort of surrounding communities. Therefore, business entities, through corporate social responsibility (CSR) or other activities, can function to balance negative impacts and strengthen sustainable development that can increase the resilience and welfare of the surrounding community. This study aims to develop a resilience model of the local farming community resilience (FCR), which supports the sustainability of agricultural development. The research will be carried out in a community in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study measures the resilience of the farmers’ community. To obtain models and instruments that are valid and reliable, the instrument is tested on 295 respondents in 10 villages adjacent to the nickel mining industry using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Out of the 17 items, five dimensions (e.g., economic, social capital, environmental, community competence, and information and communication) are proposed to measure the FCR. Thus, this work presents a complete scale development and can provide policies for governments, particularly in Indonesia. Moreover, the FCR scale might be utilized by different entities (e.g., NGOs, open experts and social group media) to determine the view of genuine clients regarding the association’s CSR execution.

This study determined the role of farmer institutions and government policies on farmers' behaviour in the use of chemical pesticides. Questionnaire was used in as data collection instrument. The research location was Kolaka Timur (Koltim) Regency that has been cultivating lowland rice since the 1980s and become one of the centres of rice production in Southeast Sulawesi and the majority of the farmers are still dependent on pesticides in pests and diseases controlling in rice plants The population of this study was 273 lowland rice farmers. The sampling technique was by simple random sampling of 20% of the total population so that the sample size is 55 respondents. Descriptive data analysis, Spearman rank correlation analysis, and multiple regression were conducted with the SPSS program. The results showed that farmers' behaviour in the use of chemical pesticides was not as recommended.

The purpose of this study was to determine the application model of the rice-cattle integrated system implemented by lowland rice farmers and to know the further acceptance of lowland rice farmers by implementing the rice-cattle integrated system. The population of this study was all lowland rice farmers or 25 people who implemented the integrated system. Determining the number of samples determined by the census. For this reason, the sample size of the survey was 25 people. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. The data analysis used is a descriptive analysis and provides an overview of the application model for rice-cattle system integration and income analysis at the study site. As a result, it is shown the integrated system application model applied by lowland rice farmers, namely cow fertilizer used as rice fertilizer and rice straw used as bran for animal feed. The income is IDR 29,068,731 / year. This income comes from the sale of cows

This study aims to determine the relationship between the role of farmer groups and the social status of lowland rice farmers in Cialam Jaya Village, Konda Sub District, South Konawe District. This research was conducted in Cialam Jaya Village in September-December 2019. The determination of the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that Cialam Jaya Village is one of the centres for lowland rice production and has farmer groups. Simple random sampling (simple random sampling) takes 10% or as many as 26 respondents of rice farmers. The data analysis used was the Spearman Rank Correlation analysis. The results showed that the role of the group was significantly related to the socioeconomic status of lowland rice farmers, with a significance value of 0.019.