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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are gaining importance due to numerous advantages they offer as a drug delivery system. SLN incorporate poorly soluble drugs, proteins, biologicals, etc. SLN are prepared by techniques like high-pressure homogenization, sonication and employs a wide range of lipids and surfactants. Physicochemical characterization techniques include particle size analysis, zeta potential and determination of crystallinity/polymorphism. Furthermore, drug loading and drug entrapment efficiency are common parameters used to test the efficiency of SLN. Most importantly, the functionality assay of SLN is essential to predict the activity and performance in vivo. The review presented discusses the importance of SLN in drug delivery with emphasis on principles and limitations associated with their physicochemical characterization.

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Solid dispersion has been a topic of interest in recent years for its potential in improving oral bioavailability, especially for poorly water soluble drugs where dissolution could be the rate-limiting step of oral absorption. Understanding the physical state of the drug and polymers in solid dispersions is essential as it influences both the stability and solubility of these systems. This review emphasizes on the classification of solid dispersions based on the physical states of drug and polymer. Based on this classification, stability aspects such as crystallization tendency, glass transition temperature (Tg), drug polymer miscibility, molecular mobility, etc. and solubility aspects have been discussed. In addition, preparation and characterization methods for binary solid dispersions based on the classification have also been discussed.

Correlation is observed in the polymers ability to inhibit precipitation in solution and amorphous stabilization in the solid state for IMC and can be explained by the strength of drug polymer interactions.

Raman spectroscopy has a number of potential applications within drug discovery and development. It can be used to estimate the molecular activity of drugs and to establish a drug's physicochemical properties such as its partition coefficient. It can also be used in compatibility studies during the drug formulation process. Raman spectroscopy's immense potential should be further investigated in future.