It is necessary to study the rugby tackle as it is associated with successful performance outcomes and is responsible for the majority of contact injuries. A novel collision sport simulator was developed to study tackle performance. The main aim of this validation study was to assess tackle technique performance between two different conditions: simulator versus a standardised one-on-one tackle drill previously used to assess technique. Tackling proficiency was assessed using a list of technical criteria. Mean scores, standard deviations and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated. Mean overall score for dynamic i.e. running simulator tackles was 7.78 (95%CI 7.58-7.99) (out of 9) or 87% (standard deviation or SD±8.94), and mean overall score for dynamic "live" tackles was 7.85 (95%CI 7.57-8.13) (out of 9) or 87% (SD±9.60) (effect size = 0.08; trivial; p > 0.05). Mean overall score for static i.e. standing simulator tackles was 7.45 (95%CI 7.20-7.69) (out of 9) or 83% (SD±10.71), and mean overall score for static "live" tackles was 8.05 (95%CI 7.83-8.27) (out of 9) or 89% (SD±7.53) (effect size = 0.72; moderate; p < 0.001). The simulator replicates dynamic tackle technique comparable to real-life tackle drills. It may be used for research analysing various aspects of the tackle in rugby and other contact sports.
THE following literature survey was prepared for use in conjunction with an investigation* upon wear and abrasion resistance of apparel textiles.The scope of the survey is intended to cover abstracts and articles in available periodicals which deal with textile and related fields and to assemble the observations and opinions of various individuals and groups. The material selected is confined to the subjects of wear, resistance to wear, and factors affecting wear, emphasis being placed upon wear by abrasion. Also included are short descriptions of machines and methods for measuring certain wear factors as found in service or imitated in the laboratory. Several of the articles are reports on conferences. ;-length of life of fabric up to its end of usefulness, which is when one necessary property becomes deficient. &dquo;Wear&dquo;-amount of deterioration due to breaking, cutting, or removal of fibers. Factors causing wear:1. Direct force on fabric-never in normal wear;3. Pressure of abradant on sample. 4. Tension on sample. 5. Removal of lint: (a) vacuum, (b) centrifugal~, and (c) rock and brush abradant.6. Determination of end point or amount of abrasion : (a) number of'strokes to wear hole-a bit uncertain; (b) loss in strength at given number of rubs-repeated tests; (c) loss in thicknessnot good except in heavy pile; (d) loss in weight -not good because lint, debris present; and (e) change in porosity, compressibility, heat and water insulation, etc., in special cases.2. 1940, 29, 637-41. Determination of wearing qualities by airflow measurements. E. J. Saxl. Suggests use of apparatus which will measure permeability of air through a fabric as a means of observing rate of abrasion or wear in the testing of the *
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