In the past forty years, gay and lesbian populations have established a visible presence in many cities, but recent gentrification has put pressure on LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered) neighborhoods. This article uses a case study of the Atlanta metropolitan area to examine the effects of resurgent gentrification on LGBT neighborhoods. The study finds that rising housing values have dispersed the LGBT population, and former LGBT neighborhoods have become less tolerant of LGBT people and the businesses that anchor the LGBT community. The article considers ways that planning practice might seek to preserve LGBT-friendly neighborhoods and the people and institutions that depend on them.

The economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment.

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IntroductionScholars have long been interested in the factors which influence urban habitation patterns. The concept of habitus as a system of long-lasting bodily dispositions may shed light on the ways in which people experience cities and respond to urban social systems (Bourdieu, 2002). Cresswell (2002) uses Bourdieu to argue that``it is in the body that the social frameworköour class, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality öbecome activated through practice'' (page 380). Habitus is not static but is conditioned by a recursive relationship with the field shaped by structural systems of practices (Podmore, 1998). Navigation can be considered a kind of walking practice that enables an individual to make sense of space and overcome alienation (Leach, 2002). Habitus may also be useful in explaining neighborhood gentrification (Bridge, 2001), metropolitan dominance (Webber, 2007), and residential location decisions (Mazanti, 2007).Recent feminist scholarship argues that habitus also provides a useful lens for understanding gender as a lived social relation (McNay, 2004). Since the gendered nature of each habitus is conditioned by a social field, as individuals move between fields there can be a differentiation in gender such that``masculine and feminine can no longer be mapped on to a straightforward division between public and private'' (McNay, 1999, page 112). Gender can be seen as a result of the`symbolic violence' of the dominant male patriarchy (Bourdieu, 2001), and women who fail to display`appropriately' gendered behavior can be subject to vicious tormenting (McRobbie, 2004). Skeggs (2004) adds that when sexuality and gender are considered together traditional notions of sex differences can be subverted by femme lesbians shifting the traditional understanding of masculine^feminine power dynamics. The habitus of gay and lesbian populations``offers a means of understanding individuals' more or less enduring dispositions as a set of internalized possibilities that enable a person to orient

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