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Introduction Hip fracture in geriatric patients has a substantial economic impact and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. At our institution, a regional anesthesia program was instituted for patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. This retrospective cohort review examines the effects of regional anesthesia (from mainly after July 2007) versus general anesthesia (mainly prior to July 2007) on morbidity, mortality and hospitalization costs. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved data collection from electronic and paper charts of 308 patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture from September 2006 to December 2008. Data on postoperative morbidity, in-patient mortality, and cost of hospitalization (as estimated from data on hospital charges) were collected and analyzed. Seventy-three patients received regional anesthesia and 235 patients received general anesthesia. During July 2007, approximately halfway through the study period, a regional anesthesia and analgesia program was introduced. Results The average cost of hospitalization in patients who receive surgery for hip fracture was no different between patients who receive regional or general anesthesia ($16,789 + 631 v. $16,815 + 643, respectively, p = 0.9557). Delay in surgery and intensive care unit admission resulted in significantly higher hospitalization costs. Age, male gender, African-American race and intensive care unit admission were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality and rates of readmission are not statistically different between the two anesthesia groups. Conclusions There is no difference in postoperative morbidity, rates of re-hospitalization, in-patient mortality or hospitalization costs in geriatric patients undergoing regional or general anesthesia for repair of hip fracture. Delay in surgery beyond 3 days and intensive care unit admission both increase cost of hospitalization.

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