Platelet adhesiveness, ADP-aetivated platelet a.ggregation and the activity of the ADP-splitting enzymes m blood and plasma have been studied in 22 diabetics with severe retinopathy, 22 long-duration diabetics with minimal or no retinopathy and 28 control subjects. The rate of platelet aggregation under the influence of 5, 3, 2 and t txM ADP, the maximum aggregation attained and the rate of disaggregation of these aggregates were measured. The platelets from actively deteriorating retinopaths were found to be more sensitive to the effect of low concentrations of ADP; a significant increase in the extent of aggregation and a decrease in the rate of disaggregation of platelet aggregates formed under the experimental conditions, in vitro were observed. If this should occur in vivo, then capillary occlusion might ensue. This increased sensitivity to ADP and inability to disaggregate, was not due to any differences in the activity of the ADP-splitting enzyme systems in blood. Significant differences in the parameters were not observed when the large diabetic groups were compared with the control subjects. Contrary to some reports, an increase in platelet adhesiveness was not apparent in either diabetic group.
Air-dried soybeans absorb water rapidly for the first 2 hr followed by a slower rate of uptake. The beans take up an equal weight of water (100% hydration) after approximately 2.5 hr at 37°C to 5.5 hr at 20°C and reach complete hydration (140% hydration) after 6 hr at 37°C and 16 hr at 20°C. Soluble solids are leached out of the beans at a fairly steacly rate throughout the hydration, and the amount is greater with higher temperatures. Temperature is the most important factor in determining the rate of water absorption and of solids losses. Of the total solids lost, 7-16% is protein. The proportion of protein loss increases as the soaking time and temperature increase. About 30-50% of soluble sugars, including fructose, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose, are removed from the beans after overnight soaking at 25°C. On the other hand, the amounts of trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin found in the soybean soak are relatively small as compared to that present in the air-dried beans. Hydrating soybeans to 100% prior to cooking reduces the cooking time, increases the tenderness and weight of the cooked beans, and improves their appearance. Complete hydration results in no further improvement in cooking rate or cooking quality of the beans.
A series of experiments relating especially to the conditions determining the rate of growth and the feeding and breeding habits of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina var. principalis Simon,l have been conducted by Dr. E. G. Martin and various student coworkers for a number of years. As the work progressed it became evident that the solution of certain phases of the problem could only be reached after the number of molts and the characteristics of the various stages or instars (to borrow a term from the entomologist) had been determined. The present paper is the result of such an investigation. While the work was in progress another phyllopod, Branchinecta occidentalis Dodds, in various stages of development, was collected, and the more important features of its lifehistory have been added to the account for the sake of comparison. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe specimens of Artemia were chiefly collected from the salterns or brine pools of a salt company operating at Redwood City, five miles distant from Stanford University. The Branchinecta material was secured in a lake (Lagunita) on the Stanford campus. Adult individuals were also taken in For the loan of various papers relating to phyllopods, I am deeply indebted t o Dr. A. S. Pearse, who, together with lh. Alexander Ruthven, has also classified the species described in this paper. To my friend and colleague, Dr. E. G. Martin, I am under obligations for an abundance of Artemia material from Salt Lake, Utah, and several localities in California. 433
During the course of a hydrobiological survey of Monterey Bay, California, a series of pelagic organisms was taken a t a depth of approximately 350 M., which appears to be a link connecting the Echiuroidea (Gephyrea armata) on the one hand and the polychaetes on the other. The range in body length is from 5 mm. to 27 mm.; and in an extended condition the anterior end of the body with its palps and cirri, bears a close resemblance to a nereid. The supra-oesophageal gknglia and the ventral nerve cord, with eleven pairs of ganglia, are also strikingly annelidan in character.On the other hand, the spacious coelom, communicating with the exterior by a pair of anterior nephridia, allies it with the gephyreans. The same is likewise true of the gonad, which arises from the eoelomic epithelium surrounding the genital vessel. The various systems are described in detail, and their resemblances to those of other annelids are indicated. This new species, Poeobius meseres, is made the representative of a new family, the Poeobiidae, which, provisionally at least, is included in the Echiuroidea.
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