The aim of the present study was to investigate a cytotoxic oxidative cell stress related and the antioxidant profile of kaempferol, quercetin, and isoquercitrin. The flavonol compounds were able to act as scavengers of superoxide anion (but not hydrogen peroxide), hypochlorous acid, chloramine and nitric oxide. Although flavonoids are widely described as antioxidants and this activity is generally related to beneficial effects on human health, here we show important cytotoxic actions of three well known flavonoids. They were able to promote hemolysis which one was exacerbated on the presence of hypochlorous acid but not by AAPH radical. Therefore, despite they expected scavenger action over free radicals an oxidants, these compounds could be very lesive to living organisms by acting over erythrocytes and maybe other cellular types.
Mapping the components of the pharmacist-led discharge counselling studies through a scoping review allowed us to reveal how this service is performed around the world. Wide variability in this process and poor reporting were identified. Future studies are needed to define the core outcome set of this clinical pharmacy service to allow the generation of robust evidence and reproducibility in clinical practice.
High serum levels of MPO were observed in obese individuals with hs-CRP above 3 mg/L, which is a classic biomarker for inflammation and cardiovascular risk, suggesting the potential role of MPO in clinical applicability for cardiovascular disease in this population. However, considering that inflammation in obesity appears to manifest as a non-classical mechanism, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of MPO in cardiovascular events in the population with obesity.
The City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) has conducted a multiphase study of thermophilic digestion to meet a newly stringent pathogen standard in the counties where it sends its biosolids for land application. The original plan was that Phase III of the studies would be a test of a batch process that was guaranteed to meet the time/temperature requirement of Alternative 1 of 40 CFR 503, the Federal sludge regulation. However, operational problems delayed the startup of this process. Consequently, Phase III became a full-scale test of a continuous two-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion process. These tests were conducted in August and September, 2002. Thermophilic digestion was at average digester temperatures in the first and second stage of 128.1 -131.7 0 F (53.4 -55.4 0 C) and 122.0 -127.8 0 F (50 -53.2 0 C), respectively, and at an overall mean HRT of about 12 days. Almost full compliance with the Class A pathogen requirements was demonstrated in biosolids at the Truck Loading Facility and the farm for biosolids land application. Salmonella sp. in raw sludge were completely removed and these pathogens were non-detect in all samples taken at the farm. Kern County requires testing for both Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms. Reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliforms in biosolids after the digesters, as was previously observed during Phase I (late 2001) and Phase II (early 2002) tests, did not occur during Phase III. This can possibly be attributed to two modifications implemented in the Phase III process. First, insulation of the post-digestion train prevented cooling of biosolids during post-digestion processing, i.e., biosolids temperatures from the digester outflow to the Truck Loading Facility decreased only by approximately 1 0 F. Second, the full conversion of HTP to thermophilic treatment prevented the risk of contamination by mesophilic plant operations. Further studies in the laboratory with biosolids from the Truck Loading Facility and the farm demonstrated that no reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliform occurred when the biosolids were stored for up to six days at 75 0 F. The Phase IV Class A Biosolids program at HTP (October 2002) will test the timetemperature relationship for batch treatment (Alternative 1 of 40 CFR 503). Experiments were conducted during this write-up and the results will also be presented at the conference.
Objetivo: O presente artigo procura avaliar o perfil da terapia medicamentosa utilizada via sonda enteral em um hospital pediátrico com o intuito de detectar possíveis inadequações terapêuticas. Com isso, acaba abordando o manuseio das sondas e a maneira correta de as utilizar, além de propor cenários preveníveis de possíveis inadequações terapêuticas. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo do perfil da farmacoterapia utilizada via sonda enteral, exploratório nos meses de Maio e Junho de 2015, por uma população de caráter pediátrico. Resultados: Foi constatado que dos pacientes a média de medicamentos administrados via sonda era 5,89 ± 4,30, em que a maioria é utilizada off-label. Sendo do total de medicamentos prescritos, os de forma líquida apresentaram maiores discrepâncias entre a via prescrita e a via administrada. Além disso, 46,83% dos casos o flushing era efetuado apenas após a administração dos fármacos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que um acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico diário detalhado é vital para garantir uma terapia farmacológica eficaz e segura em pediatria.
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