Alteration in cell surface carbohydrates, and in particular cell surface sialylation, have been known to occur during oncogenic transformation. To examine the basis for such changes, we have transformed the rat fibroblast cell line FR3T3 with the oncogenes c-Ha-ras EJ, v-mycOK10, v-src, polyoma virus middle T or the transforming bovine papilloma virus 1 (BPV1), and measured the sialytransferase activities of cellular lysates. We found that, in contrast to all other oncogenes examined, c-Ha-ras induced a striking increase in beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialytransferase (Gal alpha-2,6-ST) activity in FR3T3 cells. This increase in Gal alpha-2,6-ST activity resulted in the increased expression of cell surface alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid on cell surface glycoconjugates, as determined by cell staining with fluorescein-labelled Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the increase in Gal alpha-2,6-ST activity was due to an elevation of expression of the enzyme. Moreover, Northern analysis suggested that the increased expression of this enzyme was the result of an increase in the steady-state mRNA level of the Gal alpha-2,6-ST gene. These results support the notion that alterations seen in cell surface glycoconjugates during oncogenic transformation can be the result of altered expression of glycosyltransferases.

This study shows that activating post-ICSI aged human unfertilized oocytes with a combination of a calcium ionophore and a cytokine can produce good-morphology euploid blastocysts.

No abstract

No abstract