The Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated forest vegetation of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, West Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India was explored to evaluate the diversity and vegetation structure through different phyto-sociological attributes. The knowledge of the structure and composition of the plant communities has enormous significance in conservation of managed forests, therefore, the plant species diversity, structure and importance value index (IVI) at various levels, viz., trees, shrubs and herbs were studied. A total of 153 plant species (66 trees, 30 shrubs and 57 herbs) belonging to 124 genera of 51 families were recorded from the 30 random plots marked for sampling within the sanctuary. The IVI was highest in Shorea robusta (40.87) and lowest in Syzygium salicifolium (1.08). Shannon-Weaver’s diversity index was recorded highest in herbaceous species (3.66) than in trees (3.08) and shrubs (2.66). Simpson’s index was highest in trees (0.106) than in shrubs (0.035) and herbs (0.028). Pielou’s index was found highest in herbs (0.064) than in shrubs (0.048) and trees (0.046) which was within the range reported for different Indian forests and also which indicates that the sanctuary exhibits species diverse forest. The result of plant species diversity and their quantitative features reveal that the overall community is heterogeneous.
A number of studies have demonstrated that the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is higher in females than in males. 12224,6,10312 The mechanism for this is not clearly e~tab1ished.l~ Bolton and Carter' suggested that finger circumference affected the amplitude of antidromic SNAPs but found no relationship between wrist circumference and the amplitude of orthodromic median and ulnar SNAPs. SNAP amplitude may be expected to relate mainly to the distance between the nerve and the recording electrodes-a known property of a charged body in a conducting medium. It is therefore conceivable that gender differences in wrist size may partly explain the gender difference in SNAP amplitude. We therefore studied the effect of physical size of the wrist and finger on the amplitude of the orthodromic median SNAP in a group of normal male and female volunteers. METHODSOrthodromic median SNAPs were recorded from the right wrist after stimulating digit 2 of 37 female volunteers (mean age = 29.3, SD = 6.77, range 19-42 years) and 25 male volunteers (mean age = 31.7, SD = 6.50, range 22-43 years). Palm temperature, conduction velocity ( C V ) , and thickness, width, and circumference of the wrist and the volume and length of the index finger were also measured from the tested arm. The multiple physical measures of wrist size were unified by modeling the wrist cross-section area (CSA) as an ellipse (Fig.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) is developing a landscape-level conceptual model to evaluate the condition of depressional (basintype) wetlands in the prairie pothole region (PPR) of the United States. This effort is underway to determine the current condition of the Nation's wetlands and to track how it is improving or degrading over time, as well as to identify management priorities over major geographic areas. The depressional wetlands in the PPR were selected by EMAP both because of the importance of this region for waterfowl and because of the efforts currently being conducted by federal agencies and academic institutions in this region. The PPR provides nesting habitat for more than 15 species of ducks, and supports as much as half of the total production of dabbling and diving ducks in North America. Wetlands in this area became a vulnerable resource after extensive draineage in the 1800s. We propose a conceptual model that represents a framework for guiding the development of ecological indicators, research activities, and data collection for the evaluation of wetland conditions. In princple, this conceptual model is applicable to wetlands in any part of the world.
Background: Hypoalbuminemia is a strong predictor for assessing acute and chronic illness conditions. The condition of hypoalbuminemia is associated with the low synthesis of albumin resulting from cachexia and wasting. Aim: To find out the frequency of 30 Day in-hospital mortality among patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Data was collected from the Department of Medicine Department, Government Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi during a period of six months from Feb 2022 to August 2022. Methodology: One hundred and seven patients who met the investigative criteria were included. A short history was taken and demographic details were recorded after taking informed written consent. 5 ml of blood from a peripheral vein and collected in a specific tube to measure serum albumin level at admission. Patients with serum albumin < 3.5 mg/dl were labelled hypoalbuminemia. Patients were followed throughout the admission, and those expiring within the 30 days of admission were labelled as having 30 Day in-hospital mortality. Results: The measurements of mean age, height, albumin, and weight were 49.87±12.41 years, 159.00±7.28 cm,1.89±0.33 mg/dl, and 78.7±9.87 kg, respectively. Sixty-five (60.7%) were male, and 42 (39.3%) were female. In this study, we found that the in-hospital death rate was 14%. A significant association was found between in-hospital mortality and gender, age group, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, smoking status, and family income status. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is a strong predictor for assessing acute and chronic illness conditions. The plasma albumin levels were reduced during mortality and extended hospital stay. Hence, the measurement of plasma albumin should be considered during the assessment of patients with cardiogenic shock. Keywords: 30 Day in-hospital mortality, Hypoalbuminemia, Length of hospital stay
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.