Batang rel berfungsi sebagai penahan berat beban dari rangkaian kereta api yang berjalan diatasnya. Berat yang besar pada rangkaian dapat mengakibatkan gesekan dan keausan yang berlebihan sehingga dibutuhkan permukaan rel yang keras dan tahan terhadap keausan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah rancang bangun prototype alat yang berfungsi sebagai upaya meningkatkan ketahanan pada permukaan jalan rel kereta api. Metode yang digunakan pada konsep penelitian ini dengan teori flame hardening yaitu dengan pemanasan rel kereta api menggunakan gas oxy-asetilen kemudian dilakukan quenching secara cepat untuk meningkatkan kekerasan pada permukaan rel kereta api. Pembuatan prototype dimulai dengan perancangan hardware yang meliputi alat Surface Treatment dan perancangan perangkat software program control automatic. Hasil prototype dilakukan uji fungsi keberhasilan alat yang dapat dioperasikan dengan baik menggunakan mode manual dengan kecepatan maksimal 0.1 m/s dan mode otomatis 0.08 m/s.
Abstrak
Crash box is part of the supportingcomponents on vehicle safety, especially cars. The crash boxis designed to reduce the occurrence of driver’s injuries due to collisions. This study aimed to determine the capability of energy absorption and deformation patterns in the crash box using a three-segment circle cross-section. The research method was quasi-experimental with a simulation using Finite Element Method software. The crash box simulation carried out with a 200 kg impactor on a speed of 7.67 m/s. The independent variable in this study is the material exposure variation in the crash box using steel-aluminum-steel and aluminum-steel-aluminum. The dependent variables were energy absorption, force reaction and deformation patterns occurring in the crash box. Based on the simulation results, the values ofenergy absorption was 82452 J and force reaction was 1127700 N in the crash box of steel-aluminum-steel material. Meanwhile, the crash box material of aluminum-steel-aluminum has an energy absorption value of 236210 N, force reaction of 12432 J and a better and more stable on deformation pattern.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan desain prototype alat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan jalan rel kereta api. Metode pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan konsep teori surface treatmen, selanjutnya digambarkan menggunakan software solidwork dalam bentuk desain prototype. Sebagai validasi desain prototype dilakukan penelitian awal dengan memberikan perlakuan panas pada rel kereta api dengan memanfaatkan nyala netral gas oksi-asitilen dan quenching secara cepat. Selanjutnya rel kereta api dilakukan uji kekerasan dan struktur mikro. Hasil uji rel diketahui terjadi peningkatan nilai kekerasan sebesar 30 VHN dan perubahan struktur mikro martensit.
Locomotives use diesel engines as a source of driving force, so the fuel used for this locomotive is to use diesel fuel or diesel oil. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the use of Biosolar fuel and HSD on exhaust emissions. This research is a descriptive quantitative research that aims to test the hypotheses of the data that have been collected in accordance with previous theories and concepts. Data collection method is by testing diesel engine vehicles and gas analyzers to measure opacity. Data analysis methods used are: descriptive analysis and T-test. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the use of Biosolar fuel and HSD on exhaust emissions.
This study aims to understand and determine how effective the addition of NaCl in the quenching surface treatment media for the UIC R54 railroad. This study applies a method that refers to the theory of surface treatment. First, the surface treatment process is carried out on the surface of the rail specimen. The cooling medium used in the surface treatment process is a mixture of NaCl of 200-800gr NaCl at intervals of 200gr with 1000ml of water. Furthermore, observations of the microstructure and measurement of the hardness value on the surface of the rail specimen were carried out. The average hardness value for raw material specimens is 283.52 BHN. The highest hardness value in specimens that have been surface treated is 346.36 BHN in the treatment of adding 60% NaCl to the quenching medium. In raw material specimens, the phase formed is dominated by ferrite and pearlite. Meanwhile, the phase formed after the surface treatment process is martensite. From these results it can be concluded that a mixture of 60% NaCl with water used as a cooling medium is effective in increasing the hardness value of the rail.
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