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This article presents the concept of a series battery balance circuit using flyback converter to implement multiple filling valley balance. The optoelectronic switches are used as the control components for increased safety. Each battery cell has a Photo Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (PhotoMOS) switch. The switch is used to determine the time at which the battery cell should be charged. The equalization current can reach 2A, hence the equalization speed is faster. The simulation and experimental results verify the operating characteristics of this proposed topology and method, and show that the circuit is straightforward and has been a low cost implementation.

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This article reviews advanced process and electron device technology of integrated circuits, including recent featuring progress and potential solutions for future development. In 5 years, for pushing the performance of fin field-effect transistors (FinFET) to its limitations, several processes and device boosters are provided. Then, the three-dimensional (3D) integration schemes with alternative materials and device architectures will pave paths for future technology evolution. Finally, it could be concluded that Moore's law will undoubtedly continue in the next 15 years.