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Normal gait needs both proprioceptive and visual feedback to the nervous system to effectively control the rhythmicity of motor movement. Current preprogrammed exoskeletons provide only visual feedback with no user control over the foot trajectory. We propose an intuitive controller where hand trajectories are mapped to control contralateral foot movement. Our study shows that proprioceptive feedback provided to the users hand in addition to visual feedback result in better control during virtual ambulation than visual feedback alone. Hand trajectories resembled normal foot trajectories when both proprioceptive and visual feedback was present. Our study concludes that haptic feedback is essential for both temporal and spatial aspects of motor control in rhythmic movements.

Human gait requires both haptic and visual feedback to generate and control rhythmic movements, and navigate environmental obstacles. Current lower extremity wearable exoskeletons that restore gait to individuals with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury rely completely on visual feedback to generate limited pre-programmed gait variations, and generally provide little control by the user over the gait cycle. As an alternative to this limitation, we propose user control of gait in real time using healthy upper extremities. This paper evaluates the feedback conditions required for the hands to generate complex rhythmic trajectories that resemble gait trajectories. This paper involved 18 subjects who performed a virtual locomotor task, where contralateral hand movements were mapped to control virtual feet in three feedback conditions: haptic only, visual only, and haptic and visual. The results indicate that haptic feedback in addition to visual feedback is required to produce rhythmic hand trajectories similar to gait trajectories.

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This paper proposes a novel digital sight by dynamic modifying external ballistic parameters based on embedded Linux system. The external real-time ballistic parameters will be achieved by laser sensor and high-speed image sensor with high-speed Processor platform. With the combination of real-time modification of fault bit on external ballistic parameters and compensating algorithm, the actual ballistic point will be located. At the same time, the CPU will synchronize image data by downloading ballistic trajectory database in the cloud server. Simulation result shows that within 500 meters, the accuracy of impact point reaches to more than 90%. Compared with traditional optical aiming device, this novel digital scope device shortens the reaction time from aiming so that it can substantially increase the shooting rate of moving targets.