Objective This study was performed to evaluate the position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion and to investigate the association between temporomandibular joint disorders and facial types using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods A lateral cephalogram was taken to determine the skeletal class of each participant. Sixty female patients aged 16 to 28 years were divided into high-angle, low-angle, and control groups. The shape of the condyle–fossa was measured and assessed on cone-beam computed tomography images of the 120 temporomandibular joints. Results Some condylar shape measurements displayed statistically significant differences among the groups. No significant differences were found in the length of the condyle, width of the glenoid fossa, or height of the articular eminence among the three groups. The posterior condylar position was more frequently observed in the low-angle group, whereas the anterior condylar position was more prevalent in the high-angle group. Conclusion The present study revealed differences in the condyle–fossa morphology and position in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion with different vertical facial types.
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become a promising sensor element for measuring temperature, strain and other parameters. However, there exists a cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain. An all-fiber sensing system composed of gold-plated FBGs and acrylic FBGs has been proposed and fabricated, which can achieve simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. Using a spectrometer to monitor the shift in the transmission spectrum in real time, the strain and ambient temperature applied to the sensor can be measured conveniently. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of a gold-plated FBG is 3.2 times of that of an acrylate-plated FBG, which can distinguish the temperature changes efficiently. In other words, its sensitivity is increased 2.2 times compared with ordinary fiber grating. The strain sensitivity of gold-plated FBG and acrylate-plated FBG is the same, which is 1.19 pm/µε. The sensor has the advantages of having a simple structure and high sensitivity and can be used to monitor the running state of rail traffic.
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