Fine pixel size and high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) backplanes have been developed by various companies and research groups since 1973. The development of LCoS is not only beneficial for full high definition displays but also to spatial light modulation. The high-quality and well-calibrated panels can project computer generated hologram (CGH) designs faithfully for phase-only holography, which can be widely utilized in 2D/3D holographic video projectors and components for optical telecommunications. As a result, we start by summarizing the current status of high-resolution panels, followed by addressing issues related to the driving frequency (i.e., liquid crystal response time and hardware interface). LCoS panel qualities were evaluated based on the following four characteristics: phase linearity control, phase precision, phase stability, and phase accuracy.A phase-only spatial light modulator can be used as a key optical element for displays, adaptive optics for sensing, lithography, and telecommunication, as shown in Figure 2. The linearity of phase modulation, response time, phase precision, and phase stability are key characteristics for appraising or selecting phase-only LCoS-SLM panels for the applications designed. However, it is difficult to obtain a single LCoS possessing all the desired features for all applications. Their specification and performance optimization are application-driven. For example, response time is the current limitation in a holographic display. It may be more important than phase stability,

A simple method is introduced for studying the afterpulsing effect in InGaAs single photon avalanche photodiode. The afterpulsing probability is obtained through measuring the detection efficiencies of various biasing pulses, while the incident photons are kept constant. The effect of excess bias and temperature on the afterpulsing probability is investigated. When the device temperature is higher than 170 K, the afterpulsing probability is lower than 5% for all excess bias voltages because the trapped carrier lifetime is much shorter than the repetition period.