Cellulose-based green and sustainable materials with good mechanical properties, malleability, rehealability, and recyclability have been prepared from cellulose papers and a polyimine matrix.
Organic–inorganic
metal halide perovskite materials have
been widely studied as the light absorber for efficient photovoltaics.
However, perovskite layers with defective nature are typically prepared
with an uncontrollable crystallization process, intrinsically limiting
further advance in device performance, and thus require delicate manipulation
of crystallization processes and defect density. Here, we demonstrate
an ammonium-assisted crystallization of perovskite absorbers during
a two-step deposition to fabricate efficient solar cells. Addition
of ammonium iodide (NH4I) is devised to manipulate the
nucleation and crystal growth of perovskite, wherein the formation
and transition of intermediate x[NH4
+]•[PbI3]
x− enables high-quality perovskite layers with an enlarged grain and
reduced defect density. As a result, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
achieve an average efficiency of 21.36% with a champion efficiency
of 22.15% and improved environmental stability over 30 days in ambient
conditions with varied relative humidity. These results with addition
of NH4I provide an available and ingenious way to construct
high-quality perovskite layers for efficient solar cells and will
advance the commercial application of perovskite-based photovoltaics.
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