Robust, high-barrier, and fully recyclable cellulose-based plastic replacement enabled by a dynamic imine polymer

Su, Zhiping; Huang, Shaofeng; Wang, Yuyuan; Ling, Hao; Yang, Xiye; Jin, Yinghua; Wang, Xiaohui; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.1039/d0ta02138e

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[1][2][3] The widespread use of plastics has led to ever-growing environmental problems due to (e.g., epoxy) with enhanced recyclability, but they are usually toxic or nondegradable. [23,[29][30][31] Lignin provides structural support and serves as vascular channels to transport nutrients in plants. [32][33][34][35] The presence of aromatic rings in lignin molecular structure provides good mechanical properties of lignin and the possibility of a broad range of chemical transformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Wang

Xia

Jing

et al. 2021

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105

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The huge consumption of single‐use plastic straws has brought a long‐lasting environmental problem. Paper straws, the current replacement for plastic straws, suffer from drawbacks, such as a high cost of the water‐proof wax layer and poor water stability due to the easy delamination of the wax layer. It is therefore crucial to find a high‐performing alternative to mitigate the environmental problems brought by plastic straws. In this paper, all natural, degradable, cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straws, inspired by the reinforcement principle of cellulose and lignin in natural wood are developed. The cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straw is fabricated by rolling up a wet film made of homogeneously mixed cellulose microfibers, cellulose nanofibers, and lignin powders, which is then baked in oven at 150 °C. When baked, lignin melts and infiltrates the micro–nanocellulose network, acting as a polyphenolic binder to improve the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity performance of the resulting straw. The obtained straws demonstrate several advantageous properties over paper straws, including 1) excellent mechanical performance, 2) high hydrostability, and 3) low cost. Moreover, the natural degradability of the cellulose‐lignin reinforced composite straws makes them promising candidates to replace plastic straws and suggests possible substitutes for other petroleum‐based plastics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Wang

Xia

Jing

et al. 2021

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105

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“…A series of biobased catalyst-free vitrimers were synthesized using renewable castor oil and dl -limonene with vinylogous urethane dynamic bonds, showing good shape memory and reprocessabilty . Sustainable paper–polyimine composites with interpenetrating networks from cellulose exhibited excellent malleability and moldability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Vanillin-Based Polyimine Vitrimers with Excellent Reprocessability, Fast Chemical Degradability, and Adhesion

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A series of biobased polyimine vitrimers was synthesized by condensation between a dialdehyde or trialdehyde derived from vanillin and a commercial biobased aliphatic amine. The structure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and reprocessability of vitrimers with different crosslinking degrees were investigated. The results indicated that the glass transition temperature (T g ) of vitrimers increased with the increase of cross-linking density. In addition, the vitrimers showed good malleability and recyclability even with high cross-linking degree based on fast imine metathesis. The degradation test of polyimine vitrimers suggested that the decomposition rate increased with the rising temperature, and the vitrimer degraded rapidly in 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution. After acid degradation, the aldehyde monomer was precipitated, and it can be reused to prepare a vitrimer to realize the closed-loop cycle. Finally, the biobased polyimine vitrimers can be used as adhesives, and the shear tensile strength showed that the bond strength of the vitrimer was up to 6.79 MPa.

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“…In the transverse (T) direction, the tensile strength of CHP (≈27 MPa) is also higher than that of NCH (Figure S7, Supporting Information). The Young's modulus of CHP in the direction of the fibers (longitudinal) is ≈7.8 GPa, which is superior to that of some traditional, commercial plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [36] (Figure 3b). The outstanding Young's modulus is mainly due to the highly aligned orientation and mechanical interlocking of the cellulose fibers and extensive hydrogen bonding between cellulose molecules, which lead to a dense defect-free structure after mechanical pressing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The mechanical properties of CHP were evaluated by mechanical tensile testing (Figure 3a). In the longitudinal (L) direction, the tensile strength of CHP (118 MPa) is higher than that of NCH and higher even than those of natural wood, transparent wood, and some traditional PCPs [30,36] (Figure S6, Supporting Information). In the transverse (T) direction, the tensile strength of CHP (≈27 MPa) is also higher than that of NCH (Figure S7, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Corn Husks to Scalable, Strong, Transparent Bio‐Plastic Using Direct Delignification‐Splicing Strategy

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Biomass‐based plastics (BPs), produced from natural polymers using a bottom‐up strategy, have been used to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by petrochemical‐based plastics (PCPs). Such BPs, however, typically require complex manufacturing processes, resulting in higher costs and reduced eco‐friendly features. Herein, a delignification‐splicing‐based strategy without adhesives for directly converting corn (Zea mays L.) husks to corn husk‐based plastic (CHP) is described. During this process, lignin is removed from the corn husks and the pores collapse to form a dense structure. The CHP, which combines high mechanical strength (118 MPa) and a Young's modulus of 7.8 GPa with excellent light transmittance (86%), can be prepared in large sheets and can potentially replace non‐renewable, non‐biodegradable PCPs. Each hm2 of cornfield can generate 1.2 hm2 of CHP annually using the strategy. The process is simple, green, scalable, and as low cost as traditional PCPs since the only consumables are corn husks, NaClO, and water. Functional CHPs, such as fluorescent or hydrophobic CHPs, can be fabricated by impregnating delignified corn husk with carbon dots before pressing or by post‐pressing hydrophobilization, respectively. This work develops an alternative green and sustainable technology for eco‐friendly BPs, adds value to agricultural waste, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

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Robust, high-barrier, and fully recyclable cellulose-based plastic replacement enabled by a dynamic imine polymer

Abstract:
Cellulose-based green and sustainable materials with good mechanical properties, malleability, rehealability, and recyclability have been prepared from cellulose papers and a polyimine matrix.

Cited by 67 publications

References 49 publications

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Synthesis of Vanillin-Based Polyimine Vitrimers with Excellent Reprocessability, Fast Chemical Degradability, and Adhesion

From Corn Husks to Scalable, Strong, Transparent Bio‐Plastic Using Direct Delignification‐Splicing Strategy

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Robust, high-barrier, and fully recyclable cellulose-based plastic replacement enabled by a dynamic imine polymer

Abstract: Cellulose-based green and sustainable materials with good mechanical properties, malleability, rehealability, and recyclability have been prepared from cellulose papers and a polyimine matrix.

Cited by 67 publications

References 49 publications

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Strong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Based on Cellulose‐Lignin Reinforced Composites

Synthesis of Vanillin-Based Polyimine Vitrimers with Excellent Reprocessability, Fast Chemical Degradability, and Adhesion

From Corn Husks to Scalable, Strong, Transparent Bio‐Plastic Using Direct Delignification‐Splicing Strategy

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Product

Resources

About

Abstract:
Cellulose-based green and sustainable materials with good mechanical properties, malleability, rehealability, and recyclability have been prepared from cellulose papers and a polyimine matrix.