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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus that was identified to be the etiological pathogen of the emerging infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTSV could be transmitted through tick bite. Transmission of SFTSV among humans has also been reported mainly through direct blood contact. In July 2014, a cluster of six suspected SFTS cases occurred in Shandong Province, China. In this cluster, both symptomatic and asymptomatic persons were included. By analyzing the clinical data and results of laboratory tests, and conducting the epidemiological interviews with the cases and their families, risk factors responsible for the transmission were evaluated. The findings suggested that SFTSV transmission among humans may cause asymptomatic infection via personal contact without blood exposure.

Alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) as a unique display technology has been studied for decades. Due to the development of component materials (phosphor, dielectric, electrodes, and substrates), ACEL devices have obtained extreme deformability and high luminescence, as well as other unique properties, enabling ACEL to be suitable for multifunctional displays and sensing platforms. In this era of great demand for wearable electronics and flexible displays, flexible ACEL devices are facing unprecedented development opportunities, and some outstanding research has emerged. This Review first introduces the configurations and mechanisms of flexible ACEL devices and highlights the functions and development of each component material in flexible ACEL devices. In the second part, this Review focuses on the advances and potential of ACEL in the field of multifunctional displays and sensing platforms and shows the bright prospects of flexible ACEL devices.

Flexible alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) has attracted growing interest as promising wearable displays for its uniformity of light emission, low power consumption, and excellent reliability. However, the requirement of high-voltage...

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Recently, mobile communications have been widely used in people's everyday lives. Their handover process facilitates people to transfer an ongoing call or a data session from one service area to another without conducting any communication interruption. However, in mobile communications, the ping-pong effect is a serious problem since it may cause unnecessary handover and lead to data loss and high computation cost. This is the case when a user equipment (UE) moves between two or among more evolved Node Bases (eNBs), due to signal strength reason, the UE in a very short time period alternatively switches among the eNBs. Consequently, the eNBs bounce the communication link the UE connected to them back and forth. Although several previous researches have been made to mitigate the ping-pong effect, what seems to be lacking is effectively eliminating unnecessary handover. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a fast and simple fuzzy-logic-based handover decision system, named Fuzzy based Low Ping-Pong Effect Handover System (FPEHS for short), to reduce the ping-pong effect in an LTE network. In the FPEHS, five parameters, including current signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), detected SNR, bandwidth of serving eNB, bandwidth of target eNB, and remaining energy of the underlying user's device, are inputted to the fuzzy logic unit to make handover decision. Our simulation results show that the FPEHS can effectively decrease the ping-pong effect about 92.94 % in average compared with that of the standard LTE's handover mechanism.Keywords Fuzzy · Handover · LTE · Ping-pong effect · Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

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M1-polarized macrophages are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms responsible for the activation of macrophages in NAFLD have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed at investigating the physiological mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs)-encapsulated microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) derived from lipotoxic hepatocytes might activate macrophages in NALFD. After blood sample and cell collection, EVs were isolated and identified followed by co-culture with macrophages. Next, the palmitic acid-induced cell and high fat diet-induced mouse NALFD models were established to explore the in vitro and in vivo effects of EVs-loaded miR-9-5p on NAFLD as evidenced by inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory reactions in macrophages. Additionally, the targeting relationship between miR-9-5p and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. miR-9-5p was upregulated in the NAFLD-EVs, which promoted M1 polarization of THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, miR-9-5p could target TGM2 to inhibit its expression. Downregulated miR-9-5p in NAFLD-EVs alleviated macrophage inflammation and M1 polarization as evidenced by reduced levels of macrophage inflammatory factors, positive rates of CD86 + CD11b + , and levels of macrophage surface markers in vitro. Moreover, the effect of silencing of miR-9-5p was replicated in vivo, supported by reductions in TG, TC, AST and ALT levels and attenuated pathological changes. Collectively, lipotoxic hepatocytes-derived EVs-loaded miR-9-5p downregulated the expression of TGM2 and facilitated M1 polarization of macrophages, thereby promoting the progression of NAFLD. This highlights a potential therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.