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In this article we investigate the statistical properties of wholesale electricity spot and futures prices traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange for delivery at the California–Oregon Border. Using daily data for the years 1998 and 1999, we find that many of the characteristics of the electricity market can be viewed to be broadly consistent with efficient markets. The futures risk premium for 6‐month futures contracts is estimated to be 0.1328% per day or about 4% per month. Using a GARCH specification, we estimate minimum variance hedge ratios for electricity futures. Finally, we study the dynamic relation between spot and futures prices using an Exponential GARCH model and between the spot and futures returns series using a vector autoregression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:931–955, 2003

We examine the volatility characteristics of the NYISO Day Ahead and Real Time electricity markets for peak hours from January 2001 to June 2004. GARCH models are used to study the differences in volatility across zones. We find that price volatility is higher but less persistent in the Real Time market than in the Day Ahead market. Furthermore, we document the importance of transmission congestion and empirically estimate its impact on volatility in electricity prices. We also examine the Day Ahead premium and show how it is related to volatility in Real Time prices. The implications for participants in these markets are discussed.

"We present hedge fund performance estimates that adjust for stale prices, Fama-French risk factors and skewness. We contrast these new performance estimates with traditional performance measures. Using three-factor models to adjust for staleness in prices and to incorporate Fama-French factors along with the Harvey-Siddique (2000) two-factor model that incorporates skewness, we find that for the period 1990-2003, all hedge fund categories achieve above average performance when measured against an aggregate market index. More significantly, however, when we estimate performance at the individual hedge fund level, we discover that only 40 to 47% of the funds are shown to achieve an above average performance over that time period depending on the model used. These results have important implications for investors, endowments and pensions when they choose hedge fund managers." Copyright 2007 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.