Material mixtures offer new possibilities for synthesizing coating materials with tailored optical and mechanical properties. We present experimental results on mixtures of HfO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3, pursuing applications in UV coating technology, while the mixtures are prepared by magnetron sputtering, ion beam sputtering, plasma ion-assisted deposition (PIAD), and electron beam evaporation without assistance. The properties investigated include the refractive index, optical gap, thermal shift, and mechanical stress. The first high reflectors for UV applications have been deposited by PIAD.
Thin films of SiO(2), TiO(2), Ta(2)O(5), ZrO(2), and the mixed oxide H4 (Merck) have been deposited onto nonheated glass substrates by electron-beam evaporation in commercial coating plants. All depositions have been carried out with ion assistance provided by three different ion or plasma sources (end-hall, plasma, and cold-cathode sources). The optical film properties such as index of refraction, extinction coefficient, light scattering, and absorption have been examined by spectrophotometry, laser calorimetry, and total integrated light-scatter measurements. Surface morphology has been investigated by atomic force microscopy studies. Furthermore, films have undergone sand erosion tests for the determination of relative wear resistance. The film properties are compared for the three different ion sources.
The intermediate products A, B, C, D, E and V of the UV initiated solid state polymerization in single crystals of 2,4 hexadiynylene bis (p-toluene sulfonate), particulary their kinetics, have been studied by time resolved optical absorption spectroscopy in the temperature range between 180 and 300 K. The description by a simple kinetic model states that A to E react in a direct sequence by monomer addition, which is thermally activated. The activation energies range from 0.25 to 0.30 eV per monomer. At 300 K the reaction rate constants are of the order of 10
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