Background: Bone damage can be caused by various factors with treatment usually involving graft materials being applied to
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in periodontal tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is also known as a bacterium commonly associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Tetracycline is one of the antibiotics often used in periodontal tissue treatment. Propolis and Moringa oleifera are also known to have certain compounds assumed to be able to inhibit biofilm growth. Purpose: This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera and propolis on porphyomonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline. Methods: A biofilm inhibition activity test was performed using the broth micro dilution method. First, bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in brain heart infusion media and adjusting it to 0.5 McFarland I standard. Second, fifteen samples were divided into five groups; group K as control group (0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), T (0.7% tetracycline), and treatment groups with the combination of propolis and Moringa oleifera in various concentrations, such as P1(10%+20%), P2(10%+40%), and P3(10%+80%). Third, the result data obtained in the form of optical density (OD) was read by using an ELISA reader. Next, statistical analysis using analysis of the variance test was conducted (p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between group T and group P1 (0.075). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between group T and group P2 as well as between group T and group P3 (0.00) (p=< 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of 10% propolis and 40% Moringa oleifera as well as the combination of 10% propolis and 80% Moringa oleifera have better antibacterial effectiveness against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm than 0.7% tetracycline.
Objective The success of dental implants is determined by the osteointegration process. Many studies state that smoking cigarettes can inhibit osseointegration, but the inhibition mechanism is still unclear.The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the effect of nicotine on the inhibition of dental implant osseointegration through the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), osteoclast, and osteoblast numbers. Materials and Methods This study is an experimental study of 16 New Zealand rabbits, randomized across two groups. Group 1 (eight rabbits) was a control group, and group 2 (eight rabbits) was a treatment group. The treatment group was given 2.5 mg/kg body weight/day of nicotine by injection 1 week before placement of the implant until the end of research. Observations were made in the first and the eighth week by measuring the number of osteoblast and osteoclast by immunohistology test and the expression of nAChR and NFATc1 by immunohistochemistry test. Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.05). Results showed that nicotine increases the expression of nAChR and decreases the number of osteoblasts and the expression of BMP2 and osteocalcin. Conclusion Nicotine inhibits the osseointegration of dental implants by increasing nAChR, NFATc1, osteoclast numbers, and decreasing osteoblast numbers.
Background: Post-extraction complications can cause alveolar bone resorption. Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) is one potential bone graft material that can be synthesized from Anadara granosa shell. Another biomarine, Stichopus hermanni, contains hyaluronic acid which can accelerate bone formation on the fourteenth day. Purpose: This study aims to prove the effectiveness of Anadara granosa shell-Stichopus hermanni granules in weaving bone formation fourteen days after tooth extraction. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Their lower left incisor was extracted with gelatin being administered to the control group (C) and granule scaffold derived from Anadara granosa (AG) shell and Anadara granosa shell-Stichopus hermanni at concentrations of 0.4%-0.8%-1.6% (AGSH1-AGSH2-AGSH3) to the treatment group. This study developed a HA-TCP synthesized from Anadara granosa combined with whole Stichopus hermanni to create granule scaffolds by means of a freeze-dried method. The jaw was removed on the fourteenth day post-tooth extraction. Observation of HPA involved the use of an Image Raster®. The resulting data was subjected to analysis by ANOVA and tukey-HSD tests (p<0.05). Results: Data showed the mean of C=0.157±0.078; AG=1.139±0.371; AGSH1=1.595±0.291; AGSH2=1.740±0.308; and AGSH3=1.638±0.286. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the woven bone area (mm2) between C and the treatment groups AG;AGSH1;AGSH2; AGSH3; and between AG and the AGSH2 groups. Conclusions: Scaffold granules from Anadara granosa shells and Stichopus hermanni effectively accelerate the bone formation process with the most effective being Stichopus hermanni at a concentration of 0.8%.
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