IntroductionWorldwide, the 33 recognised megacities comprise approximately 7% of the global population, yet account for 20% COVID-19 deaths. The specific inequities and other factors within megacities that affect vulnerability to COVID-19 mortality remain poorly defined. We assessed individual, community-level and healthcare factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality in a megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia, during two epidemic waves spanning 2 March 2020 to 31 August 2021.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included residents of Jakarta, Indonesia, with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. We extracted demographic, clinical, outcome (recovered or died), vaccine coverage data and disease prevalence from Jakarta Health Office surveillance records, and collected subdistrict level sociodemographics data from various official sources. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine individual, community and subdistrict-level healthcare factors and their associations with COVID-19 mortality.ResultsOf 705 503 cases with a definitive outcome by 31 August 2021, 694 706 (98.5%) recovered and 10 797 (1.5%) died. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24–50), 13.2% (93 459) were <18 years and 51.6% were female. The subdistrict level accounted for 1.5% of variance in mortality (p<0.0001). Mortality ranged from 0.9 to 1.8% by subdistrict. Individual-level factors associated with death were older age, male sex, comorbidities and age <5 years during the first wave (adjusted OR (aOR)) 1.56, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.35; reference: age 20–29 years). Community-level factors associated with death were poverty (aOR for the poorer quarter 1.35, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55; reference: wealthiest quarter) and high population density (aOR for the highest density 1.34, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.58; reference: the lowest). Healthcare factor associated with death was low vaccine coverage (aOR for the lowest coverage 1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.38; reference: the highest).ConclusionIn addition to individual risk factors, living in areas with high poverty and density, and low healthcare performance further increase the vulnerability of communities to COVID-19-associated death in urban low-resource settings.
Ekstrak buah stroberi mengandung senyawa polifenol yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker. Pada penelitian ini dicoba untuk melihat aktivitas dari daun stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa A.N. Duchesne) apakah juga mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya. Pengujian antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan pembanding vitamin C. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun stroberi sebesar 363,551 ppm dan untuk vitamin C sebesar 33,573 ppm. Pada pengujian aktivitas sebagai tabir surya menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dimana ekstrak etanol daun stroberi mempunyai nilai SPF diatas 15 pada konsentrasi 175 ppm, yaitu sebesar 20,090 dengan persentase eritema sebesar 5,496 dan persentase pigmentasi sebesar 5,074. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol daun stroberi mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya.
Objectives This study aimed to examine the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, osteoclast numbers, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats Materials and Methods This study constituted an in vivo laboratory-based experiment incorporating a posttest only control group design. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of research subjects: a healthy group (K0), periodontitis-induced diabetic group (K1), and periodontitis-induced diabetic group treated with HBOT for 7 days (K2). After treatment, the subjects were sacrificed to determine the level of serum CRP by the ELISA method. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to check the level of OPG expression, while a histological analysis was undertaken to quantify the number of osteoclasts. Statistical Analysis The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test on which a result of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results HBOT appreciably decreased serum CRP levels, significantly enhancing OPG expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic (p < 0.05) and decreasing the number of osteoclasts in -periodontitis-induced diabetic (p > 0.05). Conclusion HBOT reduced the serum CRP level, increased OPG expression, and decreased osteoclast numbers in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan minat siswa terhadap matematika dan hubungannya dengan metode pembelajaran dan efikasi diri. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Bandarlampung. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini mempelajari 691 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data minat siswa terhadap matematika (Y), data implementasi metode pembelajaran (X1), dan data efikasi diri siswa (X2) yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik non-tes berupa angket. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi linier berganda dengan . Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (i) secara umum 22,58% siswa memiliki minat terhadap matematika dengan kategori tinggi, 76,56% dengan kategori sedang, dan 0,86% dalam kategori rendah; (ii) terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat kuat antara variabel implementasi metode pembelajaran dan efikasi diri secara bersama-sama terhadap variabel minat dengan nilai r = 0,844; (iii) terdapat hubungan positif yang cukup kuat antara implementasi metode pembelajaran dengan minat terhadap matematika bila peran efikasi diri tidak berubah (tetap) dengan r = 0,505; (iv) terdapat hubungan positif yang cukup kuat antara efikasi diri dengan minat terhadap matematika bila peran implementasi metode tidak berubah (tetap) dengan r = 0,585; dan (v) persamaan model regresi liniernya adalah Y = 22,788+0,972 X1+0,932 X2.
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