A series of Cu‐based spinel‐type complex oxides (CuB2O4, B=Fe, Mn, Co and Cr) was synthesized via sol‐gel method for soot combustion. The soot combustion was accelerated in the presence of all prepared CuB2O4 catalysts compared to that without catalyst. The CuCo2O4 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity, with the soot combustion temperatures T10, T50 and T90 of 480 °C, 539 °C and 569 °C, respectively. XRD patterns showed that the catalysts were mainly in spinel phase. The H2‐TPR, XPS and O2‐TPD characterizations revealed that the interactions between cobalt and copper led to higher content of the Cu+ species, better redox properties and abundant adsorbed oxygen species than the other three catalysts, which contributed to soot combustion. In addition, the catalytic activity of the CuCo2O4 catalysts on soot combustion were facilitated in the presence of NO, while water vapor inhibited the catalytic activity. Besides, the cycle tests clarified that CuCo2O4 catalyst exhibited good stability.

The plasma-catalytic oxidation of soot was studied over zeolite-supported vanadium catalysts, while four types of zeolites (MCM-41, mordenite, USY and 5A) were used as catalyst supports. The soot oxidation rate followed the order of V/MCM-41 > V/mordenite > V/USY > V/5A, while 100% soot oxidation was achieved at 54th min of reaction over V/MCM-41 and V/mordenite. The CO2 selectivity of the process follows the opposite order of oxidation rate over the V/M catalyst. A wide range of catalyst characterizations including N2 adsorption–desorption, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and O2-TPD were performed to obtain insights regarding the reaction mechanisms of soot oxidation in plasma-catalytic systems. The redox properties were recognized to be crucial for the soot oxidation process. The effects of discharge power, gas flow rate and reaction temperature on soot oxidation were also investigated. The results showed that higher discharge power, higher gas flow rate and lower reaction temperature were beneficial for soot oxidation rate. However, these factors would impose a negative effect on CO2 selectivity. The proposed “plasma-catalysis” method possessed the unique advantages of quick response, mild operation conditions and system compactness. The method could be potentially applied for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPF) at low temperatures and contribute to the the emission control of diesel engines.

In this work, the effect of pore structure for VO x /M (M = KIT-6, SBA-15 and SiO 2 ) catalysts on plasma-catalytic soot oxidation was investigated. The combination of VO x /KIT-6 and plasma shows the highest soot oxidation rate, followed by VO x /SBA-15packed and VO x /SiO 2 -packed plasma reactor. The soot oxidation rate of 97.4 % and the energy efficiency of 0.95 g kWh À 1 can be achieved in plasma-catalytic soot oxidation over VO x /KIT-6 at 30 th min and 20 W. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results illustrated that VO x /KIT-6 and VO x /SBA-15 had large specific surface areas and good dispersion of vanadium species. The H 2 -TPR and XPS results confirmed that VO x /KIT-6 had stronger reducibility and higher relative content of O ads /(O ads + O latt ) than those of VO x /SBA-15 and VO x /SiO 2 . The good performance of soot oxidation in the plasma-catalytic systems over VO x /KIT-6 could be attributed to 1) the welldeveloped 3D mesoporous structure, which facilitated the transportation of radicals and active species, and 2) improved redox properties of VO x /KIT-6, since more active sites and surface adsorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surfaces could contribute to soot oxidation.

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This work is devoted to the terracotta army of Qin Shihuang and its reflection in the works of modern Chinese masters of watercolor. The article consists of three parts. The first part analyzes the genesis and history of Qin Shihuang's clay army. In the second, the terracotta army is regarded as a cultural and artistic symbol of China, which stimulated humanitarian contacts between Russia and China and contributed to mutual understanding between the two peoples. In the third part, through the prism of the artistic experience and creative process of three watercolor artists, the current state of research of watercolor creativity on the theme of the terracotta army is analyzed.   The author's special contribution to the development of the problem is to determine the connection between the ancient cultural heritage of China and the nature of its interpretation in the works of modern watercolor artists. The novelty of the study can be recognized as the introduction into the scientific circulation of Russian art history of the names of Chinese artists and their paintings dedicated to the terracotta army of Emperor Qin Shihuang. Within the framework of the work, an appeal is made to the issue of Chinese-Russian cultural cooperation, the development of which is realized through touching this most representative monument of antiquity. Through the art criticism analysis of watercolor paintings by Chinese masters — Huang Zhongyang, Lin Shaolin, Zuo Xinmin — approaches to the reflection of this historical monument in the works of modern masters are determined, the connection between ancient and modern, traditional and innovative in their paintings is established.