The current study aimed to comparatively examine the effects of minimalist, maximalist, and conventional footwear on the loads experienced by the patellofemoral joint during running. Twenty male participants ran over a force platform at 4.0 m×s-1. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an 8-camera motion capture system allowing patellofemoral kinetics to be quantified using a musculoskeletal modeling approach. Differences in patellofemoral kinetic parameters were examined using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed the peak patellofemoral force and pressure were significantly larger in conventional (4.70 ± 0.91 BW, 13.34 ± 2.43 MPa) and maximalist (4.74 ± 0.88 BW, 13.59 ± 2.63 MPa) compared with minimalist footwear (3.87 ± 1.00 BW, 11.59 ± 2.63 MPa). It was also revealed that patellofemoral force per mile was significantly larger in conventional (246.81 ± 53.21 BW) and maximalist (251.94 ± 59.17 BW) as compared with minimalist (227.77 ± 58.60 BW) footwear. As excessive loading of the patellofemoral joint has been associated with the etiology of patellofemoral pain symptoms, the current investigation indicates that minimalist footwear may be able reduce runners' susceptibility to patellofemoral disorders.

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(2016) The effect of minimalist, maximalist and energy return footwear of equal mass on running economy and substrate utilization. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, 12 (1). pp. 4954. ISSN 17552540It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from the work.

23Background: The current investigation aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention

Abstract:The current investigation aimed to comparatively examine the effects of minimalist, maximalist and conventional footwear on Achilles tendon forces (ATF) during running. Twelve male runners (age 23.11 ± 5.01 years, height 1.78 ± 0.10 cm and body mass 77.13 ± 7.89 kg) ran at 4.0 m.s-1 in the three footwear conditions. ATF's were calculated using Opensim software allowing the magnitudal and temporal aspects of the ATF to be quantified. Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed the peak ATF was significantly larger in minimalist footwear (5.97 ± 1.38 BW) compared to maximalist (5.07 ± 1.42 BW). In addition it was revealed that ATF per mile was significantly larger in minimalist (492.31 ± 157.72 BW) in comparison to both maximalist (377.31 ± 148.06 BW) and conventional (402.71 ± 125.51 BW) footwear. Given the relationship between high ATF and Achilles tendon degradation, the current investigation indicated that minimalist footwear may increase runners risk for Achilles tendon injury. The current investigation aimed to comparatively examine the effects of minimalist, 23 maximalist and conventional footwear on Achilles tendon forces (ATF) during running. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 24Twelve male runners (age 23.11 ± 5.01 years, height 1.78 ± 0.10 cm and body mass 77.13 ± 25 7.89 kg) ran at 4.0 m.s -1 in the three footwear conditions. ATF's were calculated using 26Opensim software allowing the magnitudal and temporal aspects of the ATF to be quantified. 27Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. 28The results showed the peak ATF was significantly larger in minimalist footwear (5.