The effect of minimalist, maximalist and energy return footwear of equal mass on running economy and substrate utilisation

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Shore, Hannah; Dillon, Stephanie

doi:10.3920/cep150029

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The current study showed firstly that the energy return shoes were associated with significantly reduced net VO 2 in comparison to the conventional and spring footwear, indicating that economy was enhanced in this condition. This observation supports the findings of Sinclair et al (2015) and Sinclair et al (2016) who showed that the energy boost footwear were most economical in relation to conventional, minimalist and maximalist shoe conditions. Given the proposed association between running economy and performance, this indicates that the energy return footwear may be associated with increased performance in relation to the conventional and spring footwear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Sinclair et al (2015) demonstrated that the energy return footwear significantly improved running economy in comparison to a conventional running shoe. In addition, Sinclair et al (2016) showed that energy return shoes improved running economy and reduced the bodies reliance on carbohydrate as an energy source in comparison to minimalist and maximalist footwear of equal mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently there is only one investigation which has examined the biomechanics of running in the springblade footwear. Sinclair and Dillon (2016) examined the kinetics and kinematics of running in the spring footwear in relation to conventional footwear. Their observations showed that spring footwear were associated with significant increases in peak eversion and tibial internal rotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Energy Boost and Springblade Footwear on Running Economy and Substrate Oxidation

Sinclair

Dillon

2016

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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The current study aimed to investigate the influence of energy boost, spring and conventional footwear on running economy and substrate usage. Ten male runners completed 5 min steady state runs in energy boost, spring and conventional footwear. Running economy and percent contribution of carbohydrate to total calorie expenditure were assessed. Participants also subjectively indicated which shoe condition they preferred for running. Differences between footwear were examined using repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed firstly that running economy was significantly improved in the energy return (33.36 ml.kg.min-1) compared to spring (34.83 ml.kg.min-1) and conventional footwear (34.65 ml.kg.min-1). In addition, percent carbohydrate was significantly lower in the energy return (74.51%) in comparison to the spring (78.56%) and conventional (78.52%) footwear. As running economy was improved and carbohydrate utilization reduced in the energy return footwear, this study indicates that they may be associated with improvements in running performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Energy Boost and Springblade Footwear on Running Economy and Substrate Oxidation

Sinclair

Dillon

2016

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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“…To promote running performance, some footwear technologies have recently been introduced into running shoes (Sinclair, Shore, & Dillon, 2016). Among them, a newly developed design, called "actuator lugs," which embedded under minimalist shoes (Newton Running Lab®, Boulder, CO, USA), claims for better shock absorption and energy return (Abshire, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?

Zhang

McPhail

et al. 2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study sought to compare the kinetics and kinematics data in a group of habitual shod runners when running in traditional running shoes and newly designed minimalist shoes with lug platform. This novel footwear design claims to simulate barefoot running and reduce energy loss during impact. We compared footstrike angle (FSA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rates, energy loss and initial vertical stiffness between two shoe conditions. Runners demonstrated a decreased FSA while running in minimalist shoes with lug platform than traditional shoes (P = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.918). However, we did not observe a landing pattern transition. VALR and VILR between two footwear conditions showed no significant difference (P = 0.191-0.258; Cohen's d = 0.304-0.460). Initial vertical stiffness (P = 0.032; Cohen's d = 0.671) and energy loss (P = 0.044; Cohen's d = 0.578) were greater when running in minimalist shoes with lug platform. The results show that minimalist shoes with lug platform reduce the FSA but may not lead to a landing pattern switch or lower vertical loading rates. Interestingly, the new shoe design leads to a greater energy loss than traditional running shoes, which could be explained by a higher initial vertical stiffness.

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“…Energy return has become a contemporary topic in footwear biomechanics literature [17][18][19]. The first energy return footwear utilized a thermoplastic polyurethane midsole which is designed to reduce energy loss in comparison to traditional ethylene-vinyl acetate footwear midsoles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of energy boost and springblade footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running

Sinclair¹,

Dillon²

2019

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The aim of the current study was to comparatively examine the effects of energy return, spring and conventional footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running. Methods. Twelve male runners ran over an embedded force platform at 4.0 m · s -1 in the three footwear conditions. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an 8 camera motion capture system and tibial accelerations were obtained using an accelerometer. Differences in kinetic and kinematic parameters between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results. The results showed that there were no significant differences in kinetic parameters between footwear. However, it was shown that that spring footwear were associated with significantly greater angles of peak eversion (-12.49°) and tibial internal rotation (13.09°) in comparison to the conventional footwear (eversion = -10.52° & tibial internal rotation = 10.84°). Conclusions. Therefore, the findings from the current investigation indicate that spring footwear may place runners at increased risk from chronic injury related to excessive ankle eversion/tibial internal rotation.

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The effect of minimalist, maximalist and energy return footwear of equal mass on running economy and substrate utilisation

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Energy Boost and Springblade Footwear on Running Economy and Substrate Oxidation

Effects of Energy Boost and Springblade Footwear on Running Economy and Substrate Oxidation

A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?

The influence of energy boost and springblade footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running

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