There is a general lack of clarity in the literature regarding the reporting of children's own migration status. Children's voices are often subsumed within those of their adult parents or carers. There is a need to promote more child-focussed research which gives voice to migrant children to better understand the complex and multidimensional factors that contribute to their (ill)health.

Children's health and wellbeing is high on the research and policy agenda of many nations. There is a wealth of epidemiological research linking childhood circumstances and health practices with adult health. However, echoing a broader picture within child health research where children have typically been viewed as objects rather than subjects of enquiry, we know very little of how, in their everyday lives, children make sense of health-relevant information.This paper reports key findings from a qualitative study exploring how children understand food in everyday life and their ideas about the relationship between food and health. 53 children aged 9-10, attending two socio-economically contrasting schools in Northern England, participated during 2010 and 2011. Data were generated in schools through interviews and debates in small friendship groups and in the home through individual interviews. Data were analysed thematically using cross-sectional, categorical indexing.Moving beyond a focus on what children know the paper mobilises the concept of health literacy (Nutbeam, 2000), explored very little in relation to children, to conceptualise how children actively construct meaning from health information through their own embodied experiences. It draws on insights from the Social Studies of Childhood (James and Prout, 2015), which emphasise children's active participation in their everyday lives as well as New Literacy Studies (Pahl and Rowsell, 2012), which focus on literacy as a social practice. Recognising children as active health literacy practitioners has important implications for policy and practice geared towards improving child health.

Background and AimsYouth alcohol consumption has declined significantly during the past 15 years in many highincome countries, which may have significant public health benefits. However, if the reductions in drinking occur mainly among lighter drinkers who are at lower risk, then rates of alcohol-related harm among young people today and adults in future may not fall in line with consumption. There is conflicting evidence from Swedish school studies, with some suggesting that all young people are drinking less, while others suggest that alcohol consumption among heavier drinkers may be stable or rising while average consumption declines. This paper extends the geographical focus of previous research and examines whether the decline in youth drinking is consistent across the consumption distribution in England. DesignQuantile regression of 15 waves of repeat cross-sectional survey data. Setting England, 2001-16. Participants A total of 31 882 schoolchildren (50.7% male) aged 11-15 who responded to the Smoking Drinking and Drug Use among Young People surveys. Measurements Past-week alcohol consumption in UK units at each fifth percentile of the consumption distribution. Findings Reductions in alcohol consumption occurred at all percentiles of the consumption distribution analysed between 2001 and 2016, but the magnitude of the decline differed across percentiles.The decline in consumption at the 90th percentile [β = À0.21, confidence interval (CI) = À0.24, À0.18] was significantly larger than among either lighter drinkers at the 50th percentile (β = À0.02, CI = À0.02, À0.01) or heavier drinkers at the 95th percentile (β = À0.16, CI = À0.18, À0.13). Conclusions Alcohol consumption among young people in England appears to be declining across the consumption distribution, and peaks among heavy drinkers. The magnitude of this decline differs significantly between percentiles of the consumption distribution, with consumption falling proportionally less among the lightest, moderate and very heaviest youth drinkers.

Aim The aim of this study was to summarize reviews of family‐focused care interventions that support families with a family member with a long‐term condition across the life course. Design Umbrella review. Data sources Medline (1946–2019), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2019), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect and EMBASE (1947–2019), CINAHL (1981–2019), Health Technology Assessment Database (2019) and PsycInfo (1806–2019). Review Methods All authors independently undertook title/abstract screening, data extraction and quality appraisal on a cluster of papers, working in groups of two or three to reach a consensus. The AMSTAR tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies and descriptive syntheses were undertaken. Results Fifteen reviews met the selection criteria. Overall family‐focussed care and associated terms were poorly defined. Typically interventions were educational or psychological therapy/counselling with the goal of empowering individuals to manage their condition. There is some evidence that family‐focused care interventions can improve clinical/biological health measures and self‐care outcomes such as treatment adherence. Multicomponent psychosocial interventions that include cognitive‐behavioural therapy, skills training, education and support and are focused on wider family members appear to improve family relationships and martial functioning. Conclusion Long‐term conditions have an impact on individual and family health and well‐being, yet the impact of family‐focused care interventions on family outcomes was overall inconclusive. A better understanding of how family‐focused care interventions improve the health and well‐being of individuals and their families is needed to promote the inclusion of family‐focused care into practice. Impact Supporting people with a long‐term condition is a key health and social care priority. Family‐focused care interventions have potential to improve the health and well‐being of individuals and families, but there is a need to evaluate their clinical and cost‐effectiveness. The findings from this review could be used by funding bodies when commissioning research for long‐term conditions.

Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood are linked to childhood and adult health inequalities. They are particularly closely associated with inequalities in nutritional and consequently health status. Recent research links this to the high cost of nutrient-rich and low cost of nutrient-poor foods and explores how parents negotiate food purchase on a limited budget. However, we know little of children's perspectives on the material and social realities of their lives and their involvement in health-relevant behaviour. This contrasts with a growing body of research which emphasises children's active role in making sense of and participating in health practices while growing up and their potential to act in continuity with and as agents of change in family health cultures. This paper explores children's understanding of family finances and how they perceive this to relate to eating healthily. It draws upon data from a qualitative study of 53 children aged 9-10 from two socioeconomically contrasting schools in the North of England during 2010 and 2011. Data were generated in friendship group interviews and debates at school and individual interviews in the home, and analysed thematically. Children incorporated a variety of media information into their understandings and sought explanations from their personal experience. They had sophisticated ideas about the interrelationships between diet, cost and health and were acutely aware of how family finances influenced food purchase. Children proposed different strategies to facilitate eating healthily on a budget, but prioritised state and corporate responsibility in ensuring that eating healthily is affordable. This contrasts with current health-related policy, which does not address cost as a potential barrier to eating healthily in the home. Children also consistently conflated healthy eating with eating fruit and vegetables, highlighting a need to reinforce other important nutritional messages.