The article deals with problems of economic and financial security ensuring both in companies and state. The Corruption Perceptions Index has been analyzed as one of the most important indicators in this sphere. The following research methods have been used: generalizing theoretical knowledge, comparison method, method of analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, factual analysis. The authors give their own definitions to such concepts as “security”, “financial security of the enterprise”, “economic security of the enterprise”. There have been also systemized the threats to the economic security of the enterprise, as well as means of its strengthening. The rating of Ukraine according to the Corruption Perceptions Index has been identified. Also, the perspectives of future research have been defined.
World economic crises, internal economic and political instability have led to declining the level of investment attractiveness and investment security of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to propose an integral index in order to assess investment environment security and determine factors affecting the investment environment security of Ukraine. The suggested assessment is based on the data of World Bank’s indexes with the following blocks of factors: the availability of economic freedom, favorable organizational conditions for doing business, political and legal freedom, supply of resources and infrastructure development. The assessment of Ukrainian investment environment security and its Western neighbors – the European Union member states – has shown that it has lowest rank and highest volatility in Ukraine. The article identifies a direct statistical relation between the volume of foreign direct investment flows in Ukraine and the indicator of political stability and the absence of violence in the country. The main reasons of investment attractiveness reduction in Ukraine were as follows: conservative attitude of investors towards risks due to political instability, manifestations of violence and terrorism; deterioration of the overall financial situation of enterprises, which are the recipients of investments. The article substantiates that conditions for the investment attraction and secure environment in Ukraine have not been formed yet. The system of indicators and criteria for assessing the level of investment environment security should be expanded.
The methodological approach to the integral assessment of business environment security is developed in the article; the blocks of factors of business environment security are identified and the indices which affect the formation of economic security of entrepreneurship are analyzed. The integral indicator for assessing business environment security is based on 6 indicators, which are the most significant elements of the business environment formation: the availability of basic economic freedoms, the favorable organizational conditions for doing business, the state of political and legal system, the level (quality) of life, resource provision and infrastructure development, innovation development. A comparative analysis of the integral indicator of business environment security of Ukraine with the Baltic countries, Black Sea region countries and the Visegrad Group countries is carried out. The article identifies interdependence between the business environment security and the share of unprofitable enterprises. The functional relationship of the business environment security with the number of bankrupt enterprises and the level of enterprises losses is substantiated as well. The model shows that the increase of environmental security leads to the decrease of a number of bankruptcies exponentially. The negative and positive factors which influence the formation of economic security of entrepreneurship are revealed.
Purpose. To build a mathematical model and algorithms for optimizing the losses that the company may suffer from information threats and the costs necessary to prevent these losses. Methodology. General and special methods of cognition were used to perform scientific research: comparative analysis, logical generalization and systematization, mathematical abstraction, system-oriented analysis. Findings. A mathematical model and optimization algorithms are proposed for using an improved methodological approach to the formation of information security of the enterprise in terms of minimizing costs and losses. This allows one not only to analyze threats and determine the weight of factors influence but also to determine effective tactics and strategies to minimize their consequences. Originality. During the research, a mathematical model and algorithms of optimization of losses from information threats and expenses of the enterprise for their neutralization are created. It also allows us to predict the likely consequences of probable threats. Methodological approaches to the formation of the optimal level of costs to maintain the appropriate level of security have been improved. It is shown that the analysis of information risks and threats of assessment of financial and economic stability of the enterprise to information danger should be accompanied by comparison in a dynamic mode of the corresponding economic indicators. The introduction of a methodological approach to comparing the real and optimal values of the integrated indicator of resilience allows managers to assess trends and directions of projected information threats and the need to allocate sufficient resources for protection. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by practitioners to implement effective management of information risks and neutralize their impact on economic indicators of the enterprise and by scientists to develop strategies and methods to neutralize information threats to financial and economic stability, production and economic stability and organizational and economic stability, the latest methods of enterprise risk management.
The main goal of the research is to determine and analyze the criteria for the formation of electricity prices for generating enterprises using a systemic approach to evaluate the impact of the set specified criteria as a holistic system. An analysis of the influence of exchange, regulatory, technical and technological and other criteria and factors on price formation for energy industry enterprises was carried out. It is indicated that the offer of prices for electric energy on the stock exchange is formed by three components: marginal costs, "no-load" costs and "loading" costs. It is established that the opportunity given to the consumer to influence the price of electricity independently is an important criterion for the formation of the price of electricity in the conditions of market liberalisation, and the mechanism of implementation of this criterion is detailed. The existence of both a positive and a negative impact of excessive market regulation by the introduction of the procedure "imposing special obligation" on energy industry enterprises is indicated. The main factors influencing the "cost of the supplier's services" criterion are established and analyzed. The conclusion that the criteria for the formation of the electricity price should represent a coordinated system that realizes the principle of compatibility of incentives for all parties that form a balance of interests - both producers and consumers is a scientific novelty. In addition to the principle of the compatibility of incentives, other principles which must be met by the criteria for the formation of the electricity price were also named for the first time. In order to introduce a systematic approach to analysis, a model of electricity price formation in conditions of market liberalization has been proposed for the first time. The advantage of this model lies in the fact that it allows not only for assessing the impact of the identified criteria on the electricity price but also to forecast this price for future periods.
Introduction. In the conceptual foundations of the theory of economic security of the enterprise, which determine the strategy, tactics and tools of its provision, one of the main places belongs to the economic interests of the enterprise. Problem. In the conditions of a full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, maintaining the necessary and sufficient level of economic security is one of the main problems of any domestic enterprise. The above mentioned determines the expediency of their in-depth study, in particular by constructing modern classifications of the economic interests of the enterprise. The aim of the article is to supplement the classification features of the economic interests of the enterprise in the theory of economic security. Methods. General scientific and special methods of cognition are used: abstract-logical and comparative; analysis and synthesis, analogy and system approach; theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. Results. The main classifications of the economic interests of the enterprise, presented in the scientific literature, were studied, and certain shortcomings of the features of the classification of economic interests proposed by the authors were revealed. The author’s classification of the economic interests of the enterprise was proposed. Supplementing the classification of economic interests of T.V. Sak with indicators according to the following characteristics: according to the national form of ownership of the capital of stakeholders, according to the level of social utility, according to the level of materiality of the influence on the economic processes and economic security of the enterprise, according to the potential of achievement, according to the level of need for implementation, according to the dynamics of increasing relevance. Conclusions. The study made it possible to clarify and supplement the main characteristics of the classification of the economic interests of the enterprise. The use of the proposed signs will contribute to deepening the understanding of the economic interests of the enterprise in the modern concept of economic security.
In recent years, many European studies have focused on municipal companies’ problems, particularly their efficiency in terms of public importance and quality of services provided and return on capital. These issues are directly related to the current series of topical issues of the expediency of public property and issues of reasonable choice between public property and privatization. In our opinion, one of the criteria for the expediency of a business entity being in public ownership is the efficiency of its activities, in particular financial efficiency. This paper aims to clarify the local authority approach to determining the efficiency of municipal-owned enterprises in the capital of Ukraine.In the research, the dynamic and distribution of budget funds between the municipal-owned enterprises of Kyiv were studied, and the dynamics of their return on assets were analyzed. In the course of the research financial statements data of the 128 municipal enterprises were collected and analyzed. It is established that the largest recipients of budget funds are municipal construction companies, while municipal public transport companies receive insufficient funding to cover their needs. The four-year distribution of return on assets was also studied, and its miserable level was stated. With the hypothesis testing regarding the impact of budget financing on the municipal-owned enterprises' efficiency, it is established that the availability and level of budget financing of investments and the presence of budget funds in the revenues of municipal-owned enterprises do not have a significant impact on their profitability.
доцент, професор кафедри економіки та фінансів підприємства Київського національного торговельно-економічного університету вул. Кіото,
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