Alumina supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA/Al 2 O 3 ) was successfully prepared by impregnation of alumina support by polyphosphoric acid and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, the N 2 adsorption/desorption analysis (BET), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic behavior of this new solid acid supported heterogeneous catalyst was checked in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes by cyclocondensation reaction of β-naphthol and aryl aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The results showed that the novel catalyst has high activity and the desired products were obtained in very short reaction times with high yields. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused at least three times with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.
The silver nanoparticles have great attention for researchers who wish to use them for development of new generation nano devices. In this present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous silver nitrate (0.001mM) through a simple and ecofriendly route using leaf extract of Citrus reticulate as reducing agent and stabilizer. The aqueous silver ions when exposed to leaf extract were reduced and resulted in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles ranges from 44.0 to 54.1 nm. The bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
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