Water quality characterized as a measure of the physical, synthetic, organic, and microbiological characteristics of water. Water quality monitoring and measurement give an experiential proof to support decision making on issues related to health and environmental impact. Maritime operations are one of the factors that contributed to the environmental impact, particularly on the water quality status. The interactions of Lumut water (Dinding River) with several maritime operations nearby can lead to marine pollution and bring negative effect to the natural habitation. Through preliminary observations, oil spillage and garbage were discovered at the surface water of Dinding River. This study is conducted to identify the current status of water quality at Dinding River. Water samples from 5 fixed stations along the river were collected regularly and analyzed to determine the status of water quality based on the chosen water parameters - Conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, pH, Total Dissolved Solids and Dissolved Oxygen. Pollution Index is used as a tool to determine the status of water quality at the research area. The results show that the water at Dinding River is moderately polluted.
Marine growth is a common problem for a near coastal marine vessel including composite fiberglass boat. Natural antifouling coating for composite fiberglass hulls towards efficient, cleanliness, sustainability and greener oceans are crucial especially in near coastal area. Antifouling performance of commercial and natural lemon biocide were analyzed by referring to ASTM 3623 – 78a for 30 days in seawater. Both commercial and natural biocide coating shows no marine growth occur within 30days of immersion due to good interaction between biocide and gelcoat. Natural biocide with 6% concentration observed similar performance as 4% commercial biocide, thus it shows lemon has a great potential of lemon as new natural biocide in marine antifouling paint.
Steel is one of materials that been used as a hull to build a ship. Steel are well known as strong, easy to fabricate and can withstand higher loading. Major problem for steel in shipbuilding are corrosion and marine fouling. Antifouling paint are applied at underwater hull paint to protect and slowing the microorganism growth, plant and animal that attached to the ship bottom hull. Important additive in antifouling paint known as Tributyltin (TBT) was previously observed good efficiency in prevent marine growth, however International Maritime Organization (IMO), in 2008 banned the usage of TBT due to abnormal growth of oyster shell. Thus, it is crucial to focus on an environmentally friendly antifouling paint and additive. Rosin modified paint is one of natural base of paint matrix that extract from pine tree. Performance of rosin modified with commercial biocide additive at various orientation are evaluate by referring to standard testing method on antifouling panels in shallow submergence. Rosin modified base observed good interaction with primer and steel substrate. Rosin modified antifouling (AF) coating for orientation 0º, 90º and 180º shows less than 4% marine growth after 30 days of immersion. AF coated at 0º and 90º -a orientation observe efficient protection with no marine growth occurred after 30 days of immersion.
This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 01 November 2019. This paper has been retracted as it does not meet the terms of the IOP Proceedings Licence.
Retraction published: 01 November 2019
Rosin based paint is one of natural source of paint matrix essential in combination of natural biocides for greener and efficient antifouling paint. Performance of new natural lemon biocides and commercial biocides embedded in rosin modified antifouling paint were evaluate by referring to ASTM 3623 – 78a for 30 days. Natural lemon biocides with concentration of 2%, 4% and 6% observed that increase in biocides concentration reduce the percentage of marine growth. Natural lemon biocides with 6% concentration observed similar performance as in commercial antifouling on wood surface due to good interaction. This concluded that natural lemon biocides have a great potential as new natural biocides on wood vessel hull surface.
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