The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the number of patents on high and medium-high-tech export (HTEX) performance in developed and developing countries for the period of 1996–2012. In the empirical model, HTEX is explained by the number of patents (PAT), fixed capital (GFC), and FDI inflows. Estimation results show that PAT is one of the key determinants of HTEX in both groups of countries and PAT elasticity of HTEX in developing countries is higher than that of developed ones. However, while there is no short-run causality from PAT to HTEX, there is short-run causality from GFC and FDI to HTEX.
ÖZETBu çalıĢmanın temel amacı, 1989-2004 dönemine iliĢkin Türkiye ithalatının belirleyicilerini tespit etmek ve tahmin sonuçlarından hareketle politika önerisinde bulunmaktır. Bu çerçevede, Engle-Granger iki aĢamalı tahmin yöntemi kullanılarak uzun dönem ithalat talebi tahmin edilmiĢ ve buradan hareketle Hata Düzeltme Modeli yardımıyla kısa dönem iliĢkiler araĢtırılmıĢtır. Açıklayıcı değiĢken olarak reel gelir ve reel efektif döviz kurunun yer aldığı modelin tahmin edilmesi ile Türkiye ithalatının reel döviz kurundan ziyade büyümeye karĢı daha duyarlı olduğu gözlenmiĢtir. Aynı zamanda bu sonuç, bir dıĢ ticaret açığı durumunda ithalatı azaltma bakımından kur politikasının etkinliği hakkında da bir fikir verecektir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ġthalatın Belirleyicileri, Türkiye Ġthalatı, Ko-entegrasyon, Hata Düzeltme Modeli.
ABSTRACTMain objective of this study is to establish the determinants of Turkish import for 1989-2004 period and to make policy proposals for the future. In this framework, the long-term demand for import is forecasted by the use of Engle-Granger TwoStep forecast method, and by this way, the short-term relationships are searched for by Error-Correction Model. Estimating the model in which real income and reel effective exchange rate are independent variables, it is concluded that Turkish import is more sensitive to economic growth than the real exchange rate. Correspondingly, it is considered that, in case of foreign trade gap, this result will provide an insight into the effectiveness of exchange rate policy to restrict imports.
Yusuf BAYRAKTUTAN ve Hanife BIDIRDI
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Many countries devote an increasing proportion of their economic resources to produce and provide health care services. Looking at the written economic literature, it can be seen that although there is work on convergence in health expenditures, these studies are generally based on linearity assumption. In this study, the validity of the convergence hypothesis on the public, private and total per capita health expenditures are analyzed by non-linear panel unit root tests in a sample of 18 OECD countries, covering Turkey, over the period 1979-2016. The findings of the analysis show that the convergence hypothesis is valid only for private per capita health expenditure.
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