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Scutellaria multicaulis is a medicinal plant indigenous to Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It has been widely used as a prominent herb in traditional medicine for thousands of years. This plant is reported to contain baicalein, wogonin, and chrysin flavonoids, which are a significant group of chemical ingredients which can cure different diseases, such as breast cancer. S. multicaulis leaf extract was used for the bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (SmL-Ag-NPs), and their phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic activity were evaluated. Optimal physicochemical properties of SmL-Ag-NPs were obtained by mixing 5% of leaf extract and 2 mM of aqueous AgNO3 solution and confirmed by characterization studies including UV–visible spectrophotometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), X-ray crystallography (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. SmL-Ag-NPs exhibited a higher content of total phenol and total flavonoid and potential antioxidant activity. SmL-Ag-NPs also demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231 cell multiplication with an IC50 value of 37.62 μg/mL through inducing cell apoptosis. Results show that SmL-Ag-NPs is effective at inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-MB231 cells compared to tamoxifen. This demonstrates that SmL-Ag-NPs could be a bio-friendly and safe strategy to develop new cancer therapies with a reduction in the adverse effects of chemotherapy in the near future.

Background: Nanoplastics in the environment lead to human exposure to these particles so it is important to study their effects at the cellular level. The aim of this study to assess the toxic effects of PS-NPs with different functions on MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 and evaluate the oxidative cellular response involved. Another goal of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect and apoptosis induction of a combination of nanoplastic polystyrene. Materials and Methods: The appearance properties of nanoparticles were determined by FTIR and FESEM tests and zeta potential. Diol agar method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial effects and MTT Assay test was used to determine the toxicity effect. Also, the type of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis, as well as the study of cell cycle arrest and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx were measured in this study. All experiments performed in this study were designed in 3 replications (p<0.005). Results: The polystyrene nanoparticles used in this study were analyzed by FTIR and the wide peak of 3386 cm-1 confirms that the nanoparticles are amine. PS-NH2 had a neutral electric charge and was not found to have antimicrobial properties in Aclay and Staphylococcus aureus in any size. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 90,200,300 polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2) at doses of 125,250,500,1000,2000 µg / ml on human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast cell (HFF-2) ) And the viability of these cells was significantly dose-dependent (p <0.005). Dismutase (SOD) decreased with increasing dose and a significant difference was observed (P <0.001). GPx enzyme activity decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration in both cell lins and had a significant difference with the control sample (P <0.001). MDA-MB-231 and HFF-2 cells underwent apoptosis after being exposed to PS-NH2 and the highest percentage of cell accumulation was seen in the G1 and Sub-G1 phase, which indicates that the cell has entered the apoptotic phase. Conclusion: Polystyrene nanoparticles have toxic properties on both cell lines and cause cell death.

Scutellaria multicaulis, a member of the Lamiaceae, is a medicinal plant indigenous to Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It has been widely used as a prominent herb in traditional medicine for thousands of years. This plant is reported with baicalein, wogonin, and chrysin flavonoids as a significant group of chemical ingredients, which can cure different diseases such as breast cancer. S. multicaulis leave extract was used for the bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (SmL-Ag-NPs), and their phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic activity were evaluated. Optimal physicochemical properties of SmL-Ag-NPs were obtained by mixing 5% of leave extract and 2 mM of aqueous AgNO3 solution and confirmed by characterization studies including UV–visible spectrophotometry, FE-SEM, EDX, DLS, zeta potential, TGA, SERS, XRD and FTIR Spectroscopy. SmL-Ag-NPs exhibited higher content of TPC (Total Phenolic Content) and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content) and potential antioxidant activity. SmL-Ag-NPs also demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231 cells multiplication with an IC50 value of 37.62 μg/mL at 48h through inducing cell apoptosis. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using S. multicaulis leave extract, which can provide treatment for cancer diseases and reduce some negative effects of chemotherapy.