This study was conducted to determine whether combination of aerobic and resistance interval training had superior effects than aerobic interval training alone on ejection fraction, cholesterol, and triglycerides in myocardial infarction patients, at Pakistan Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi from July to December 2016. Patients were randomly allocated in interventional (n=13) and control group (n=13) using toss and trial method. Aerobic interval training at 65%-85% of target heart rate was performed in three intervals in both groups; whereas, resistance training at 30-50% of one repetition maximum was added in experimental group. The outcomes were measured before and after six weeks. Ejection fraction was significantly (p=0.029) improved in interventional group 55 (10) as compared to control group 50 (5). Cholesterol levels also showed significant decrease (p=0.021) in control group. The study concluded that combined training has superior effect in improving ejection fraction; whereas, aerobic interval training alone is more effective than combine training in improving cholesterol.
Objective: To determine the level of cardiovascular fitness in young adults, and to find the relationship of maximum oxygen uptake with body mass index and physical activity.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at two private universities in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to June 2019, and comprised subjects of both genders aged 18-25 years with normal cardiopulmonary system. Physical activity was measured usint the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while maximum oxygen uptake was measured using the Bruce protocol. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 321 subjects, 59(18.4%) were males and 262(81.6%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.15±1.73 years. Overall, 190(57.3%) subjects had normal body mass index, 86(26.8%) had high level of physical activity, and 85(26.5%) had moderate level. With respect to to maximum oxygen uptake, 28(47.5%) of the males were in the superior category, while 72(27.5%) women were in the good category. All the vitals along with dyspnoea and fatigue showed significant difference (p?0.05) except oxygen saturation (p=0.062). Maximum oxygen uptake showed negative weak (p=0.40) correlation with body mass index, and weak, positive and significant correlation (p=0.007) with physical activity.
Conclusion: Majority of the young adults were found to be active as indicated by the levels of their maximum oxygen uptake and physical activity. Significant correlation was found between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity.
Continuous...
Background: The prevalence of breakfast skippers among the young population appears to be increasing. Several studies have been conducted on the breakfast routines of children and their effects, but young adults have been neglected. Objective: To compare the impact of breakfast eaters and skippers on physical activity, attentiveness and cognition in young adults of Islamabad, Pakistan. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, carried out at Shifa Tameer e Millat University Islamabad, Pakistan from August 2020 to January 2021. Healthy young adults of both genders aged 18-25 years were included except those having any active pathology, mental illness, sedative-hypnotics or smokers were excluded from the study. Informed consent was taken from each participant's priory. About 100 participants were enrolled in the study (50 in each group) through non-probability purposive sampling. Respondents were allocated to groups A (Breakfast Eaters) and B (Breakfast Skippers) based on the criteria taken from recent studies. Physical activity and attentiveness were measured through the standard international physical activity questionnaire short form and everyday life attention scale questionnaire respectively whereas cognitive functions were assessed using Stroop and digit span test. Results: The mean age of respondents in groups A (breakfast eaters) and B (breakfast skippers) was 21.6±1.77 and 21.3±1.80 years respectively. Physical activity and cognitive functions statistically showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). For attentiveness, all components of the everyday life attention scale questionnaire showed no significant difference (p≥0.05) except for the G component (preparing a meal) which showed a significant difference between both groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no significant difference in breakfast on physical activity, attentiveness and cognitive functions in young adults of Islamabad, Pakistan.
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