Ice accretion on exposed surfaces is unavoidable as time elapses and temperature lowers sufficiently in nature, causing detrimental impacts on the normal performance of devices and facilities. To mitigate icing problems, both active de‐icing and passive anti‐icing materials (AIM) have been utilized. Traditional active anti‐icing methods suffer from energy consumption, low efficiency and high cost, while passive AIM meet the challenges of improving mechanical durability and maintaining low ice adhesion strength during icing/de‐icing cycles. Recently, new AIM are rationally designed by the combination of passive anti‐icing and active de‐icing, exhibiting efficient, reliable and energy‐saving properties. The conceptual idea is that passive AIM only need to reach a certain value of ice adhesion strength (i.e., τice<100 kPa) instead of achieving lowest ice adhesion strength, and simultaneously combine with active de‐icing techniques (i.e., electro‐thermal and photo‐thermal stimulus) to realize ideal all‐weather anti‐icing/de‐icing. In this review paper, the authors provide a brief introduction to passive AIM, and mainly focus on recent advances in the electro‐/photo‐thermal promoted AIM in terms of anti‐icing/de‐icing mechanisms, challenges and perspectives. The new conceptual anti‐icing/de‐icing strategy will inspire the rational design of the state‐of‐the‐art AIM in future and provides practical solutions to mitigate outdoor anti‐icing/de‐icing problems in daily lives.
Due to serious global
warming and environmental issues, the demand
for clean and sustainable energy storage devices is significantly
increased. Often accompanied by rapid growth of portable electronic
vehicles and devices, massive electromagnetic wave pollution becomes
unavoidable. To mitigate the above two issues, this mini-review summaries
preparation methods and recent developments of MXene/polyaniline-based
composites for their applications in electrochemical devices and electromagnetic
interference shielding. Based on excellent synergistic effects between
single compounds and designed hierarchical structures, MXene/polyaniline-based
composites usually exhibit enhanced physical and chemical properties,
showing great potentials in sustainable electrochemical properties
and electromagnetic wave protections for human health as well as normal
operation of precise electronic devices.
Polyaniline (PANI) is a widely used conducting polymer for electrode materials because of good conductivity and electrochemical properties, while its poor stability during charging/discharging cycles limits its development and applications....
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