We propose a system of equations with nonlocal flux in two space dimensions which is closely modeled after the 2D Boussinesq equations in a hyperbolic flow scenario. Our equations involve a simplified vorticity stretching term and Biot-Savart law and provide insight into the underlying intrinsic mechanisms of singularity formation. We prove stable, controlled finite time blowup involving upper and lower bounds on the vorticity up to the time of blowup for a wide class of initial data.
How to extract meaningful information from big data has been a popular open problem. Decision tree, which has a high degree of knowledge interpretation, has been favored in many real world applications. However noisy values commonly exist in high-speed data streams, e.g. real-time online data feeds that are prone to interference. When processing big data, it is hard to implement pre-processing and sampling in full batches. To solve this tradeoff, this paper proposes a new incremental decision tree algorithm so called incrementally optimized very fast decision tree (iOVFDT). The experiment evaluates the proposed algorithm in comparison to existing methods under noisy data streams environment. Result shows iOVFDT has outperformance on the aspects of higher accuracy and smaller model size.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a rapidly emerging technology with a great potential in many ubiquitous applications. Although these sensors can be inexpensive, they are often relatively unreliable when deployed in harsh environments characterized by a vast amount of noisy and uncertain data, such as urban traffic control, earthquake zones, and battlefields. The data gathered by distributed sensors-which serve as the eyes and ears of the system-are delivered to a decision center or a gateway sensor node that interprets situational information from the data streams. Although many other machine learning techniques have been extensively studied, real-time data mining of high-speed and nonstationary data streams represents one of the most promising WSN solutions. This paper proposes a novel stream mining algorithm with a programmable mechanism for handling missing data. Experimental results from both synthetic and real-life data show that the new model is superior to standard algorithms.
The
number of patients who benefit from acquired immunotherapy
is limited. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signal activation
is a significant component to enhance innate immunity, which has been
used to realize broad-spectrum immunotherapy. Here, M@P@HA nanoparticles,
as a STING signal amplifier, are constructed to enhance innate immunotherapy.
Briefly, when M@P@HA was targeted into tumor cells, the nanoparticles
decomposed with Mn2+ and activated the release of protoporphyrin
(PpIX). Under light irradiation, the generated reactive oxygen species
disrupt the cellular redox homeostasis to lead cytoplasm leakage of
damaged mitochondrial double-stranded (ds) DNA, which is the initiator
of the STING signal. Simultaneously, Mn2+ as the immunoregulator
could significantly increase the activity of related protein of a
STING signal, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and STING, to
further amplify the STING signal of tumor cells. Subsequently, the
STING signal of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is also activated
by capturing dsDNA and Mn2+ that escaped from tumor cells,
so as to enhance innate immunity. It is found that, by amplifying
the STING signal of tumor tissue, M@P@HA could not only activate innate
immunity but also cascade to activate CD8+ T cell infiltration
even in a tumor with low immunogenicity.
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been hailed as the
hope for
conquering cancer as ICB could produce a significant and durable response
to tumor cells. However, the high cost and severe side effects of
ICB drugs limited their application for further anticancer therapy.
Here, we developed a photoactivated immunotherapy nanoplatform (Apt@AuNC).
This nanoplatform could target tumor tissues via enhanced penetration
retention (EPR) effect and the aptamer (Apt) could be released from
Apt@AuNC in tumor sites via illumination. The immune system in the
tumor area was then activated after the combination of Apt and PD-1
protein. The heat generated from AuNC was able to continue killing
tumor cells. This nanoplatform could not only achieve the precise
immunotherapy but also significantly facilitate the anticancer efficacy.
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