Aptamer-Gold Nanocage Composite for Photoactivated Immunotherapy

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been hailed as the hope for conquering cancer as ICB could produce a significant and durable response to tumor cells. However, the high cost and severe side effects of ICB drugs limited their application for further anticancer therapy. Here, we developed a photoactivated immunotherapy nanoplatform (Apt@AuNC). This nanoplatform could target tumor tissues via enhanced penetration retention (EPR) effect and the aptamer (Apt) could be released from Apt@AuNC in tumor sites via illumination. The immune system in the tumor area was then activated after the combination of Apt and PD-1 protein. The heat generated from AuNC was able to continue killing tumor cells. This nanoplatform could not only achieve the precise immunotherapy but also significantly facilitate the anticancer efficacy.

Aptamer–Protein Interactions: From Regulation to Biomolecular Detection

“…As aptamer technology and coupling technology continue to develop, aptamers can be coupled with a variety of functional carriers to form numerous composite materials with an increasingly diverse range of structures and functions. − Multifunctional integrated design strategies effectively merge the advantages and characteristics of functional carriers and aptamers while circumventing their disadvantages, providing a potential means to regulate aptamer–protein interactions. In this part, we give a detailed discussion about how functional modifications of aptamers affect aptamer–protein interactions.…”

Aptamers Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis: A Perspective

“…When the nanovesicles were used with laser irradiation, tumor growth was safely completely inhibited in a 4T1 subcutaneous mice model. Song et al proposed coating silver nanocubes with gold followed by addition of oligomers . Reaction with a complementary sequence, extended with a labeled PD-L1 aptamer, yielded a functional nanocube of 100 nm size.…”

“…Song et al proposed coating silver nanocubes with gold followed by addition of oligomers. 55 Reaction with a complementary sequence, extended with a labeled PD-L1 aptamer, yielded a functional nanocube of 100 nm size. After selective accumulation in tumor sites thanks to the EPR effect, laser-induced photothermal activation released the aptamers in the tumor environment, leading to a reduced tumor growth in B16F10 tumor mice models and increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12P40, and IL-6.…”

Bacterial Expression of Promelittin for Safe and Effective Tumor Therapy

“…All along, malignant tumors affect human health and quality of life. , With the efforts of researchers, nanomaterial delivery systems have achieved outstanding therapeutic efficacy through improved targeting, controlled drug release, and reduced systemic toxicity. − However, several biological and physical barriers limit the delivery of protein biologics encapsulated nanoparticles to tumor tissues . Due to their specificity, protein biologics are excellent candidates for many tumor therapeutic targets. − Currently, the technical challenges and activity maintenance of protein biologics in the delivery process greatly limit their application in the field of tumor therapy .…”

“…All along, malignant tumors affect human health and quality of life. 1,2 With the efforts of researchers, nanomaterial delivery systems have achieved outstanding therapeutic efficacy through improved targeting, controlled drug release, and reduced systemic toxicity. 3−5 However, several biological and physical barriers limit the delivery of protein biologics encapsulated nanoparticles to tumor tissues.…”