The present work deals with the fabrication of novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)/Polypyrrole (PPy) ultrafiltration membrane by phase inversion technique for the removal of crude oil from refinery wastewater. In situ polymerization of pyrrole with different concentrations of MWCNT ranging from 0.025 wt.% to 0.3 wt.% in PVDF prepared solutions. Measurement of permeability, porosity, contact angle, tensile strength, zeta potential, rejection studies and morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The results showed that membrane with (0.05% MWCNT) concentration had the highest permeability flux (850 LMH/bar), about 17 folds improvement of permeability compared to pristine PVDF membrane. Moreover, membrane rejection of crude oil reached about 99.9%. The excellent performance of this nanocomposite membrane suggests that novel PVDF modification with polypyrrole had a considerable effect on permeability with high potential for use in the treatment of oily wastewater in the refinery industry.
In this study, the performance of the AZO/ZnO/CdS/CIGS solar cell configuration was measured by using the AFORS-HET numerical simulation program, which aimed to formulate an optimal design. The numerical simulation of the aforementioned solar cell arrangement demonstrates that it is possible to achieve an efficiency of 9.28% with a thickness of 1μm, this result is consistent with the experimental conclusion (where the efficiency was 9.65% for a thickness of 1μm). Through the use of simulation results, we improved the above-mentioned cell by changing the thickness, concentration, and band gap. It shows that the maximum efficiency (Eff) of this solar cell can reach 17.46% during the optimization for this configuration, which can be obtained at a thickness of 3μm for CIGS layer and at 1.5 AM standard illumination.
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