Hydatidosis is still an endemic disease and an important health problem in Yemen which needs to be studied further. Therefore, accurate information on the distribution of the disease is the first step for the control and prevention of the disease. Moreover, it is crucial to investigate the role of different intermediate hosts and genotypes of E. granulosus in humans and animals.
This is the first study dealing with the association between HLA alleles and cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Yemeni patients. The present study aimed to detect the association of HLA-DRB(1) alleles and susceptibility or resistance to CE in Yemeni patients by HLA-DRB(1) typing; first by HLA-DRB(1) amplification using PCR then using the allele-specific probing technique based on the reverse hybridization principle. This case-control study was carried out on 66 unrelated patients with confirmed CE and 66 apparently healthy individuals. The association of class II HLA-DRB alleles was examined in the patients with CE and compared with control subjects. Frequency of HLA-DR16 allele was 18.2% among patients and was statistically significant (higher) than in the control group [3%; odds ratio (OR) = 6.5, chi (2) = 7.1, P = 0.011]. Frequencies of HLA-DR1, DR8, and DR52 alleles were decreased in the patient group (0.0%, 0.0%, and 56%, respectively) than in the control group (19.7%, 9.1%, and 74.2%, respectively) (OR = 0.0, 0.0, 0.443 and P < 0.0001, 0.04, 0.05, respectively). HLA-DR16 allele was found to be statistically positively associated with the occurrence of isolated hepatic CE, single cysts, and cysts >5 cm in size. In contrast, HLA-DR1 and DR52 alleles were found to be statistically negatively associated with the occurrence of isolated hepatic CE. This study demonstrates that susceptibility to CE in Yemeni patients is statistically significantly associated with the HLA-DR16 allele and resistance to CE is statistically significantly associated with HLA-DR1, DR8, and DR52 alleles. Thus, this study has identified that carriers of HLA-DR16 are at high risk for CE, so appropriate preventive measures and quick and careful treatment should be applied to those patients.
Forty female patients experiencing symptoms suggestive of trichomoniasis were included into the present investigation. Patients` self-obtained vaginal swabs were gathered and examined for T. vaginalis by wet mount, Giemsa stain, Gram stain and culture techniques. T. vaginalis was recognized in 11 out of 40 specimens by culture (27.5 %), 10 by wet mount (25 %), 8 by Gram stain (20 %) and 7 by Giemsa stain (17.5 %). Contrasted with culture as the standard technique, Giemsa staining method indicated 63.6 % sensitivity compared with 54.5% for wet mount or Gram staining. Giemsa staining specificity was 100 % contrasted with 86.2 % for wet mount and 93.1 % for Gram stain. In addition, a considerable agreement was found amongst culture and Giemsa staining (Kappa= 0.717) while moderate agreement of Gram stain (Kappa= 0.52) and wet mount (Kappa = 0.419) with culture was found.
Malaria is a public health problem in the KSA. It is restricted to the southwestern region, where P. falciparum is the most prevalent species. The immune response which affects the clinical outcome of malaria is genetically controlled and is influenced with high degree of HLA genetic polymorphism. The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between HLA-DRB1 alleles and malaria susceptibility pattern moreover its degree of severity in a group of Saudi population in Jazan, KSA. A total of 60 malaria cases (51 uncomplicated and 9 severe malaria cases) and 60 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected and genotyping of the HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed. The results suggested significant associations of HLA-DRB1* 04 and HLA-DRB1* 11 with susceptibility to malaria (p = 0.002 and p = 0.043, respectively) and association of HLA-DRB1* 13 with resistance to malaria (p = 0.032). The HLA-DRB1* 04 was found to be associated with severe malaria.The individuals with HLA-DRB1* 04 and HLA-DRB1* 11 were at increased risk to malaria infection and the HLA-DRB1* 04 carriers are more susceptible to severe malaria. While, HLA-DRB1* 13 carriers are more resistant to this infection. Wide investigations for this association may lead to implementation of a successful effective malaria vaccine program.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.