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This work aimed at the gamma irradiation-assisted synthesis of silver (Ag)-decorated ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), which were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against some pathogenic bacteria from medical operating room surfaces.

The commercial production of paclitaxel; the most potent anti-cancer drug, is based on its extraction from Taxus spp (yews) or microbial fermentation from yews' endophytes. The present study investigated the capability of local endophytes that have been isolated from ecologically altered Taxus baccata (host tree) to produce this diterpenoid secondary metabolite and improve its production and stability. Results revealed the ability of three endophytes; Acremonium, Colletotrichum and Fusarium spp, to produce paclitaxel up to 116.19 μg l −1. The challenge of their production instability away from their host is overcome by two strategies; the addition of unusual elicitor (0.0001% crushed bark of T. baccata) and induction of mutagenesis using ultraviolet irradiation which stimulated the production to higher levels (reach four folds for parent strain Acremonium sp. MK). Produced paclitaxel has a strong cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The molecular analysis of the endophyte; Acremonium sp. showed the presence of BAPT gene that responsible for paclitaxel production and encoding C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase. Therefore, the selected endophyte has an individual metabolic system that can be activated in the absence of the host or changing its ecology.

Worldwide, the phenomenal antimicrobial resistance with its consequences of fatal diseases has been alerted; it is because the morbidity and mortality at a shocking rate. Therefore, there is an urgent quest of innovative antimicrobials agents; it is that communicable disease is a worldwide trouble as of the growth and wideness of drug-resistant pathogens. As for the aim of the research, it is widely investigative to the prevalence of Gram-negative pathogens of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in different age groups, gender along with the identification of ESBL-producing pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The present research was conceded out in Microbiology Department of Doctor's Diagnostic Centre-Tiruchirappalli for a period of 6 months. The pus, tracheal secretion, urine, blood, sputum, stool, semen, oral secretion, vaginal swab, tissue material, wound swab, throat swab, oral candida swab, suction tip and CVC line from femoral samples were collected for the Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolation. During the study period, 856 β-lactamases producing bacteria were isolated. Among that, 25 patients were infected with Amp-c type, 81 patients were infected with CTX-M type, 724 patients were infected with unclassified ESBL, 2 patients were infected with MBL, 24 patients were infected with MRSA. Selected strains were molecularly characterized. A required accession numbers were received after the gene sequence submission to the GenBank. The isolated ESBL strains were observed in the male more than the female patients. The research results give insights for a maximized number of ESBL strains isolated from the clinical samples like urine and pus. Clinically, ESBL pathogens are associated with high morbidity and mortality. These pathogens are resistant to many key drugs due to the indiscriminate use of carbapenames, which may lead to significant therapeutic problems in the future.

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Calcium carbonate microspheres are attractive for their biocompatibility, high loading capacity and easy preparation.