BackgroundClove oil of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) is a light yellowish fluid obtained from dried flower buds. Clove oil is used traditionally to relieve toothache.AimThe aim of the present work was to study the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential of clove oil in mice.MethodsAnalgesic activity was examined using acetic-acid-induced abdominal constrictions and the hot plate test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's-yeast-induced pyrexia were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and the antipyretic effects, respectively. The oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 33 mg/kg body weight and the effects were compared with reference drugs.ResultsIn the antinociceptive test, mice treated with clove oil exhibited significantly decreased acetic-acid-induced writhing movements by a maximum of 87.7% (p<0.01) compared with a decrease of 77.7% (p<0.01) in response to aspirin injection (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.). Similarly, in the hot plate test, clove oil significantly increased the reaction latency to pain after 60 min by 82.3% (p<0.05) compared with morphine value of 91.7% (p<0.01). In addition, clove oil and indomethacin produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by respectively 50.6% (p<0.05) and 70.4% (p<0.01) inhibition of mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan. Furthermore, clove oil significantly attenuated the hyperthermia induced by yeast at ΔT-max by 2.7°C (p<0.001), and time of peak effects was 30–180 min compared with a paracetamol value ΔT-max of 3.2°C (p<0.001). The estimated i.p. LD50 of clove oil was 161.9 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the oil showed the presence of eugenol.ConclusionThe present findings demonstrate the potential pharmacological properties of clove oil and provide further a support for its reported use in folk medicine.
A 7-year-old girl suffering from atopic dermatitis developed multiple lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma, which could not be categorized under any one of the four known types of Kaposi's sarcoma (classic, human immunodeficiency virus-associated, endemic, or iatrogenic). We propose that atopic dermatitis may cause susceptibility to human herpes virus 8 infection, which is related to the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Background:The exact aetiology of pityriasis rosea (PR) is still unknown as various researches exist aiming to explain the exact cause. The role of Human Herpes Virus(HHV)-6 & HHV-7 DNA in PR patients has been evaluated in many studies with variable results. The rationale behind the use of antiviral in PR is that the course of the disease follows that of a viral exanthem and also probable involvement of HHV 6 and 7 in its etiopathogenesis. The current case-control study aimed at evaluation of the possible relation between HHV-6 & HHV-7 and PR through detection of HHV-6 & HHV-7 DNA in PR patients in comparison to controls and also illumination the therapeutic efficacy of Acyclovir in PR treatment. Patients and methods: This study recruited 40 subjects, 30 PR patients and 10 healthy controls. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and examination to determine the presence of constitutional symptoms, prutitus, the type of PR and ensuring the duration of PR together with lack of drug intake in the last two weeks. Skin biopsies were taken from all subjects to detect HHV-6 & HHV-7 DNA. We initiated a comparative control study to detect HHV-6 & HHV-7 DNA in lesional and nonlesional skin samples in PR patients by nested PCR. The results of nested PCR of lesional and non-lesional skin samples were compared to well-matched healthy controls. Also, the study included another comparative control study to evaluate the efficacy of oral Acyclovir (in adult 400 mg five times a day and in children 20 mg /kg/day in five divided doses) for treatment of PR patients. The results of oral acyclovir therapy in group 1 were compared to those in a well matched group II receiving no treatment apart from emollients. Results: The results revealed significant presence of HHV-6 DNA in PR lesions in comparison to controls with p=0.035, thus, support a possible relationship between HHV-6 and PR, but there was no significant difference in HHV-7 DNA in PR lesional skin compared to controls (P=0.047). Also, there was significant difference between lesional HHV-7 positive and negative cases regarding the course of the disease by the end of the second week with P-value < 0.05. In addition, there was significant improvement in PR in group 1 patients with acyclovir treatment (P= 0.05) in comparison to patients in group II without acyclovir treatment (P>0.05) by the end of the second week. Conclusion: HHV-6 and HHV-7 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PR and oral acyclovir is helpful in decreasing the severity and shortening the course of the disease in some patient.
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