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Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxic agent used to induce liver toxicity in experimental animal models. Protective role of silymarin in liver intoxication was proved. Coffee is the most popular beverage used in the world. Consumption of green coffee bean extract has many benefits on health in general, and liver in particular. Aim of work: To evaluate the potential role of adding green coffee extract to silymarin in improving thioacetamide induced hepatic injury in rats. Materials and methods: Thirty six albino rats were divided into 4 groups; group I (control group), group II (thioacetamide group), group III (Silymarin group) and Group IV (Silymarin and green coffee extract group). Biochemical analysis for liver function, antioxidant enzyme assay were performed. Liver sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome stains and immunohistochemical expression for caspase-3. Morphometric and statistical analysis were done. Results: Liver functions of group II showed significant deterioration which slightly improved in group III and tend to be normal in group IV. Antioxidant enzyme levels of groupII and group III were significantly lower than that of group I; group III and group IV levels were significantly higher than that of group II. Liver sections of group II showed massive dilated congested portal vein, bile duct proliferation, and mononuclear cellular infiltrates. Group III showed slightly dilated congested portal vein in some areas while appeared normal in other areas. In group IV portal area appeared almostly normal. Marked increased collagen deposition was detected in group II, decreased in group III and markedly decreased in group IV. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 was increased in group II, lower in group III and significantly low in group IV. In conclusion: Adding green coffee extract to silymarin potentiate the therapeutic effect of silymarin in improving experimentally induced hepatic injury by thioacetamide in rats.

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Monosodium glutamate in gesting (MSG) is steadily increasing worldwide as a flavour enhancer and food additive. On the other hand, vitamins C has antioxidant properties and can play an important role in preventing or improving many diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to study the impact of MSG administration on the histological structure of the zonafasciculata (ZF) of adult albino rat adrenal cortex and to clarify the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C cosupplementation. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups: group I; negative and positive (received100mg/kg vitamin C) control subgroups. MSG-treated group were administered 2 mg/g body weight MSG via gastric tube andascorbic acid supplemented group were given the same dose of MSG, followed by vitamin C at a dose similar to the positive control group. Tissue sections were obtained and proceeded for light and electron microscope examination. Plasma ACTH and cortisone were estimated. Morphometric and statistical analysis of the results were performed. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels in the MSG-treated group were significantly increased comparing to control and MSGtreated group receiving vitamin C. Histologically, in the MSG-treated group, ZF contained highly vacuolated cells and congested blood vessels. The reticular fibres were increased in MSG-treated group decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Ultrastructurally, ZF contained cells with shrunken nuclei and numerous macrophages containing many lysosomes. On the other hand, the cellular architecture of ascorbic acid supplemented group was less affected and congested blood sinusoids were still detected. The reticular fibres were decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Oral administration of MSG caused histological and functional degenerative changes in the ZF of adrenalin adult male albino rat which was ameliorated by supplementation of vitamin C. So, it is recommended to minimize consumption of foodstuffs containing MSG and to eat foods rich in vitamin C after performing more researchers to be sure of these effects on humans.MSG